發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-23 12:30

  本文選題：鈍化劑 + 鉛�。� 參考：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤重金屬污染已經(jīng)成為世界性的重大問(wèn)題,如何治理和修復(fù)重金屬污染耕地,以實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全成為了當(dāng)務(wù)之急。為了探討幾種鈍化劑對(duì)鉛鎘污染石灰性土壤的修復(fù)效果,篩選適合治理北方石灰性鉛鎘污染土壤的鈍化劑,采用了土壤模擬培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)及盆栽試驗(yàn),研究了磷酸鹽類、天然改性人工合成礦物類、有機(jī)類等14種鈍化劑的修復(fù)效果。結(jié)果表明:1.膨潤(rùn)土、磷酸二氫鉀、生物質(zhì)炭、改性生物質(zhì)炭、3 g·kg-1多效菌、海泡石、3000目伊利石、800目伊利石、雞糞和菌肥對(duì)土壤鉛有鈍化效果。對(duì)土壤鉛鈍化效果最好的為磷酸二氫鉀處理,其次為改性生物質(zhì)炭處理。2.9 g·kg-1膨潤(rùn)土、磷酸二氫鉀、生物質(zhì)炭、改性生物質(zhì)炭、9 g·kg-1和12 g·kg-1分子鍵合TM穩(wěn)定劑、3 g·kg-1和6 g·kg-1多效菌、海泡石、3000目伊利石、800目伊利石、3 g·kg-1茶多酚、15 mg·kg-1和20 g·kg-1雞糞、15 mg·kg-1和20 g·kg-1菌肥對(duì)土壤鎘有鈍化效果。對(duì)土壤鎘鈍化效果最好的為改性生物質(zhì)炭處理,其次為磷酸二氫鉀處理。3.9 g·kg-1磷酸二氫鉀、生物質(zhì)炭和20 g·kg-1改性生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)有效態(tài)鉛的減少量在各時(shí)間段之間基本不變;3 g·kg-1、6 g·kg-1磷酸二氫鉀和10 g·kg-1改性生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)有效態(tài)鉛的減少量在各時(shí)間段之間略有增加;15 mg·kg-1改性生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)有效態(tài)鉛的鈍化率從2周到4周增加顯著。在4個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi),不同添加量的磷酸二氫鉀、生物質(zhì)炭和改性生物質(zhì)炭均可使土壤中的弱酸提取態(tài)、還原態(tài)鉛減少,殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)增加,效果最明顯的為磷酸二氫鉀,且隨著鈍化劑添加量的增加,弱酸提取態(tài)、還原態(tài)鉛逐漸減少,殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)逐漸增加。4.6 g·kg-1磷酸二氫鉀和10 g·kg-1、15 g·kg-1生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)有效態(tài)鎘的減少量在各時(shí)間段之間基本不變;9 g·kg-1磷酸二氫鉀和10 g·kg-1改性生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)有效態(tài)鎘的減少量在各時(shí)間段之間略有增加;3 g·kg-1磷酸二氫鉀、20 g·kg-1生物質(zhì)炭和15 g·kg-1、20 g·kg-1改性生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)有效態(tài)鎘的減少量在各時(shí)間段之間顯著提高。在4個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi),不同添加量的磷酸二氫鉀、生物質(zhì)炭和改性生物質(zhì)炭均可使土壤中的弱酸提取態(tài)、還原態(tài)鎘減少,殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)增加,效果最明顯的為改性生物質(zhì)炭,且隨著鈍化劑添加量的增加,弱酸提取態(tài)、還原態(tài)鎘逐漸減少,殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)逐漸增加。5.不同添加量的磷酸二氫鉀、生物質(zhì)炭和改性生物質(zhì)炭均可使小麥株高增加,莖葉和根中的鉛、鎘含量降低,對(duì)小麥鉛、鎘吸收的控制效果排序?yàn)榱姿岫䴕溻浉男陨镔|(zhì)炭生物質(zhì)炭。6.不同添加量的磷酸二氫鉀、生物質(zhì)炭和改性生物質(zhì)炭均可減少盆栽土壤中有效態(tài)鉛、鎘的含量,但與土壤模擬培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果不同的是,對(duì)土壤中有效態(tài)鉛、鎘鈍化效果最好的均為磷酸二氫鉀。磷酸二氫鉀可有效的將土壤中弱酸提取態(tài)和還原態(tài)鉛、鎘轉(zhuǎn)換成殘?jiān)鼞B(tài),生物質(zhì)炭和改性生物質(zhì)炭,則將土壤中弱酸提取態(tài)和還原態(tài)鉛、鎘轉(zhuǎn)換成氧化態(tài)和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)。7.添加磷酸二氫鉀后,通過(guò)與鉛形成難溶的磷酸鉛化合物Pb3(P3O9)2·3(H2O)來(lái)降低鉛的生物有效性。經(jīng)過(guò)磷酸改性后的生物質(zhì)炭表面形態(tài)發(fā)生了較大的變化,活化后生物質(zhì)炭的比表面積急劇增大,為其更多的吸附重金屬提供了可能。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution in soil has become a major problem in the world. It is urgent to control and repair the heavy metal polluted land to realize the quality and safety of agricultural products. In order to explore the effect of several passivating agents on the remediation of lead and cadmium contaminated soil, the selection of passivating agent suitable for the treatment of soil contaminated with calcareous lead and cadmium in the north is adopted. Soil simulated culture experiments and pot experiments were conducted to study the restoration effects of 14 kinds of passivating agents such as phosphate, natural modified synthetic minerals and organic compounds. The results showed that 1. bentonite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, biomass carbon, modified biomass carbon, 3 G. Kg-1 multieffect bacteria, sea vesicles, 3000 mesh illite, 800 mesh illite, chicken manure and bacterial fertilizer to soil Lead passivation effect. The best effect for soil lead passivation is potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment, followed by modified biomass carbon treated.2.9 G. Kg-1 bentonite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, biomass carbon, modified biomass carbon, 9 g. Kg-1 and 12 g kg-1 molecular bond stabilizer, 3 g kg-1 and 6 g kg-1 multi effect bacteria, sepiolite, 3000 mesh illite, 800 mesh Illite The effect of 3 G. Kg-1 tea polyphenols, 15 mg. Kg-1 and 20 g. Kg-1 chicken manure, 15 mg kg-1 and 20 g kg-1 bacterial fertilizer on soil cadmium passivation effect. The best effect on soil cadmium passivation is treated with modified biomass carbon, followed by potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment,.3.9 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, biomass carbon and 20 biomass carbon to reduce the amount of effective lead The reduction of effective lead by 3 G. Kg-1,6 G. Kg-1 phosphate dihydrogen phosphate and 10 g. Kg-1 modified biomass carbon increased slightly between different time periods, and the passivation rate of effective lead in 15 mg. Kg-1 modified biomass carbon increased significantly from 2 to 4 weeks. In 4 time periods, different amounts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were added, Biomass charcoal and modified biomass carbon can make the weak acid in the soil extract, reduce the reduced state lead and increase the residue state, the most obvious effect is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and with the increase of the amount of passivating agent, the weak acid extraction state, the reduced state lead gradually decrease, the residue state gradually increases.4.6 g kg-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 g. Kg-1,15 G. Kg-1 biology. The reduction of effective cadmium to effective cadmium is basically unchanged between different time periods; the reduced amount of effective cadmium by 9 g kg-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 g. Kg-1 carbon is slightly increased in each time period; 3 G. Kg-1 phosphate dihydrogen phosphate, 20 g. Kg-1 biomass carbon and 15 g kg-1,20 G. In the 4 time periods, different additions of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, biomass charcoal and modified biomass carbon can make the weak acid in the soil extract, the reduced state cadmium decreased, the residue state increased, the most obvious effect was the modified biomass carbon, and with the increase of the amount of passivating agent, the extraction of weak acid and the reduced state cadmium. Gradually decreasing, the residue state gradually increased.5. different amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, biomass carbon and modified biomass carbon can increase wheat plant height, lead and cadmium content in stem and root and root, cadmium content of wheat lead, cadmium absorption of potassium dihydrogen phosphate modified biogenic charcoal.6. potassium dihydrogen phosphate, different amount of potassium phosphate, Biomass charcoal and modified biomass carbon can reduce the content of effective lead and cadmium in potted soil, but different from the results of soil simulated culture test, the best effect of cadmium passivation in soil is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can effectively extract the weak acid in the soil and the reduced lead, and convert the cadmium into the residue state. Biomass charcoal and modified biomass charcoal, then the bioavailability of lead was reduced by the conversion of cadmium into oxidizing and residue.7. with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the bioavailability of lead was reduced by the formation of a difficult lead phosphate compound Pb3 (P3O9) 2. 3 (H2O) with lead. The surface morphology of biomass carbon after phosphoric acid modification was larger. The specific surface area of activated carbon increased sharply after the change, which provided more possibilities for absorbing heavy metals.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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