本文選題：室內(nèi)污染物 + 監(jiān)測��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國農(nóng)村土地廣袤,人口眾多,提高室內(nèi)環(huán)境與有效利用能源在農(nóng)村地區(qū)有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。但是,與此同時(shí),我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)的住宅也存在著相當(dāng)多的室內(nèi)污染問題。在我國北方,冬季時(shí)間漫長且氣候寒冷,農(nóng)村地區(qū)幾乎沒有集中供暖,農(nóng)戶采暖主要依靠燃燒薪柴、煤等,一方面,室內(nèi)溫度較低,達(dá)不到舒適的程度,另一方面,由此造成的室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染問題十分嚴(yán)重,直接威脅到室內(nèi)人員的身體健康。為及時(shí)排出室內(nèi)空氣污染物,必須打開門窗通風(fēng),但這樣一來,室溫驟降,要維持一定的溫度,又需要增加燃料,造成能源的浪費(fèi)。節(jié)能與維持良好室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)之間產(chǎn)生了矛盾。為此,本文將對寒區(qū)冬季農(nóng)村室內(nèi)污染物的監(jiān)測與控制進(jìn)行研究,找出室內(nèi)各種污染物的分布規(guī)律,提出有效的控制方案,以解決農(nóng)宅室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的問題,改善寒區(qū)農(nóng)村室內(nèi)環(huán)境,并盡可能地節(jié)約能源。本文研究內(nèi)容包括以下四部分:1.現(xiàn)場實(shí)測寒區(qū)農(nóng)宅室內(nèi)空氣污染物的濃度,找到其變化的規(guī)律;2.利用CFD模擬的方法,建立農(nóng)宅模型,通過數(shù)值計(jì)算確定室內(nèi)污染物的分布情況,并以此確定通風(fēng)方式的劃分依據(jù);3.運(yùn)用模式識別的理論,提出室內(nèi)污染物自動(dòng)控制的方案,并介紹方案的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法;4.提出解決倒煙問題的方案,并加以驗(yàn)證。通過現(xiàn)場實(shí)測與CFD模擬的方法,對寒區(qū)農(nóng)宅室內(nèi)污染物的監(jiān)測與控制問題進(jìn)行了研究,得到的結(jié)論有:1.在冬季,嚴(yán)寒和寒冷地區(qū)的農(nóng)村住宅存在一定的室內(nèi)污染問題;其中,最具代表性的兩種污染物是CO和CO2,其濃度分別與室內(nèi)燃燒活動(dòng)和人員活動(dòng)密切相關(guān);2.室內(nèi)靠近污染源處污染物濃度最高,而門和風(fēng)口附近濃度最低,置于屋頂上的風(fēng)口可有效排出室內(nèi)污染物;當(dāng)室內(nèi)CO濃度低于15 ppm、CO2濃度低于3000ppm時(shí),通過風(fēng)口自然通風(fēng)就能將室內(nèi)污染物濃度控制在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的限值以下,而當(dāng)室內(nèi)兩種污染物濃度高于這組濃度值時(shí),則需要機(jī)械通風(fēng)排出室內(nèi)污染物;3.采用模式識別的控制方案對室內(nèi)污染物進(jìn)行控制,室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量可劃分為“良好”、“中度污染”和“嚴(yán)重污染”三個(gè)類別,分別采取不通風(fēng)、自然排風(fēng)和機(jī)械排風(fēng)的方式控制污染物的濃度,劃分三個(gè)類別的依據(jù)是《室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和CFD模擬的結(jié)果,即CO濃度低于10 ppm、CO2濃度低于1964.3 ppm為“良好”,在10~15 ppm和1964.3~3000 ppm之間為“中度污染”,高于15 ppm和3000 ppm為“嚴(yán)重污染”;4.當(dāng)室內(nèi)發(fā)生倒煙現(xiàn)象時(shí),需要人員手動(dòng)開啟風(fēng)機(jī),使風(fēng)機(jī)向室內(nèi)抽引室外新風(fēng),維持室內(nèi)正壓并稀釋污染物濃度。
[Abstract]:With vast rural land and large population, the improvement of indoor environment and the effective utilization of energy have broad application prospects in rural areas.However, at the same time, there are quite a lot of indoor pollution problems in the rural areas of our country.In the north of China, the winter is long and the climate is cold, there is almost no central heating in rural areas. Farmers mainly rely on burning fuelwood, coal, etc. On the one hand, the indoor temperature is relatively low, which cannot reach a comfortable level; on the other hand,As a result, indoor environmental pollution is very serious, which directly threatens the health of indoor personnel.In order to discharge indoor air pollutants in time, the doors and windows must be opened for ventilation, but in this way, the room temperature will plummet, the temperature will be maintained, and the fuel will need to be increased, resulting in a waste of energy.There is a contradiction between energy saving and maintaining good indoor air quality.Therefore, this paper will study the monitoring and control of indoor pollutants in winter in cold regions, find out the distribution rules of indoor pollutants, and put forward effective control schemes to solve the problem of indoor air quality in agricultural houses.Improve the indoor environment in cold areas and save energy as much as possible.This paper includes four parts: 1.The concentration of indoor air pollutants in farm houses in cold area was measured, and the regularity of change was found.The model of farm house was established by using CFD simulation method, and the distribution of indoor pollutants was determined by numerical calculation, and the classification of ventilation mode was determined.Based on the theory of pattern recognition, the scheme of indoor pollutant automatic control is put forward, and the realization method of the scheme is introduced.Put forward the solution to the smoke problem, and verify it.The monitoring and control of indoor pollutants in agricultural houses in cold regions were studied by the method of field measurement and CFD simulation, and the conclusions were as follows: 1.In winter, there are some indoor pollution problems in rural residential buildings in cold and cold areas, among which CO and CO _ 2 are the two most representative pollutants, the concentrations of CO and CO _ 2 are closely related to indoor combustion activities and human activities respectively.The indoor pollutant concentration near the source of pollution is the highest, while the concentration near the door and tuyere is the lowest. The indoor air outlet placed on the roof can effectively discharge the indoor pollutants. When the indoor CO concentration is lower than 15 ppm CO _ 2 concentration is lower than 3000ppm,The concentration of indoor pollutants can be controlled below the standard limit by natural ventilation of tuyere, but when the concentration of two kinds of pollutants is higher than the concentration of this group, mechanical ventilation is needed to discharge indoor pollutants.The indoor air quality can be divided into three categories: "good", "moderate pollution" and "serious pollution".The concentration of pollutants is controlled by natural exhaust air and mechanical exhaust air. The classification of the three categories is based on the results of indoor air quality standard and CFD simulation, that is, the CO _ 2 concentration below 10 ppm of CO _ 2 below 1964.3 ppm is "good"."moderate pollution" was observed between 10 ~ 15 ppm and 1964.3 000 ppm, which was higher than that of 15 ppm and 3000 ppm.When smoke pouring occurs in the room, it is necessary to open the fan manually, so that the fan can draw the outdoor fresh air into the room, maintain the indoor positive pressure and dilute the pollutant concentration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU834.8;X51

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