發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-17 00:21

  本文選題：槐葉萍 + 富營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽��； 參考：《安徽師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化日益嚴(yán)重,藍(lán)藻水華頻繁暴發(fā),全球水環(huán)境逐漸惡化。利用高等水生植物進(jìn)行富營(yíng)養(yǎng)水體治理和有害藍(lán)藻控制逐漸成為國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)。為能尋找到一種既能分泌化感物質(zhì)進(jìn)行有效抑藻、又能耐受富營(yíng)養(yǎng)水體脅迫的高等水生植物,本研究首次比較系統(tǒng)地探討了浮水植物槐葉萍(Salvinia natans(L.)All.)對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽脅迫的耐受性、對(duì)總磷、氨氮的去除作用、對(duì)銅綠微囊藻的抑制作用以及抑藻機(jī)理,并比較研究了共培養(yǎng)條件下不同生物量槐葉萍與不同密度銅綠微囊藻之間的化感互作,并對(duì)槐葉萍中的化感物質(zhì)進(jìn)行分離與鑒定。取得結(jié)果如下:1.槐葉萍對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽耐受性和總磷、氨氮去除作用研究結(jié)果表明:槐葉萍對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽具有極強(qiáng)的耐受性,其鮮重增長(zhǎng)速度先隨著鹽溶液濃度的增大而增大,再隨著鹽濃度的增大而逐漸變小;最佳狀態(tài)下,增長(zhǎng)率可達(dá)590.6%�；比~萍對(duì)溶液中的總磷、氨氮具有極強(qiáng)的消除作用,其去除量隨著富營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽濃度的增大而增大;氨氮的去除率在0.5×Hoagland溶液中達(dá)到最大為87.06%,而磷的最大去除率在0.25×Hoagland溶液中最高,達(dá)77.87%。2.槐葉萍與銅綠微囊藻間的化感互作效應(yīng)研究結(jié)果表明:槐葉萍種殖水對(duì)銅綠微囊藻的生長(zhǎng)具有抑制作用,種殖水濃度越大,殺藻作用越強(qiáng),抑制率越大。共培養(yǎng)條件下,不等量槐葉萍對(duì)銅綠微囊藻具有不同程度殺傷作用,槐葉萍植株越多,藻細(xì)胞的損傷程度越嚴(yán)重;共培養(yǎng)條件下,低密度銅綠微囊藻促進(jìn)槐葉萍葉子對(duì)數(shù)、身長(zhǎng)的增長(zhǎng)、增加了槐葉萍鮮重和葉綠素含量,而高密度銅綠微囊藻則致使槐葉萍生長(zhǎng)受阻,葉綠素a、葉綠素b、及總?cè)~綠素含量減少;二者呈低促高抑關(guān)系。3.槐葉萍抑藻機(jī)理研究結(jié)果表明:槐葉萍浸提液能顯著抑制銅綠微囊藻的生長(zhǎng),浸提液濃度越大,持續(xù)時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),藻細(xì)胞存活的生物量越少,細(xì)胞死亡率越高。這期間,槐葉萍浸提液致使藻液電導(dǎo)率升高,藻液中溶解性核酸和蛋白含量增加;細(xì)胞抗氧化酶CAT、POD、SOD活性和胞內(nèi)外多糖含量均呈先升高后迅速下降趨勢(shì)。4.槐葉萍中化感物質(zhì)的分離、鑒定結(jié)果表明:通過槐葉萍粗提物抑藻實(shí)驗(yàn)可知,其抑藻效應(yīng)如下:乙酸乙酯粗提物丙酮粗提物乙醇粗提物水粗提物。將抑藻效應(yīng)較好的乙酸乙酯粗提物和丙酮粗提物經(jīng)過大孔樹脂純化和氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用(GC-MS)分析篩選,推測(cè)二丙酮醇、異亞丙基丙酮、四氫薰衣草醇、十五醛、14-庚癸烯醛、異丙苯、乙酸丁酯、抗壞血酸二棕櫚酸酯、鄰苯二甲酸單乙基已基酯、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、以及鄰苯二甲酸丁基十一烷酯可能為槐葉萍中化感抑藻物質(zhì)。綜上所述,由于槐葉萍分布廣泛,既能在富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水域中良好生長(zhǎng),又對(duì)一定密度銅綠微囊藻有極強(qiáng)的抑制效果,因此利用槐葉萍的化感抑藻作用和良好的氮磷去除效應(yīng)對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)水體進(jìn)行治理和藻類水華的預(yù)防有著良好的應(yīng)用前景
[Abstract]:Water eutrophication is becoming more and more serious, cyanobacteria Shui Hua frequent outbreaks, the global water environment gradually deteriorated.Eutrophication of higher aquatic plants and control of harmful cyanobacteria have gradually become the focus of environmental research at home and abroad.In order to find out a kind of higher aquatic plant which can secrete allelochemicals for effective algal inhibition and tolerance to eutrophic water stress, this study first systematically discussed the phytoplankton Salvinia natanslL.All.Tolerance to eutrophic salt stress, removal of total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen, inhibition of microcystis aeruginosa and inhibition mechanism of microcystis aeruginosa.The allelopathic interaction between different biomass of leaf duckweed and different density of microcystis aeruginosa was studied and the allelopathic substances were separated and identified under co-culture conditions.The result is as follows: 1.The results of the study on the tolerance and total phosphorus removal to eutrophication salt and ammonia nitrogen removal showed that the growth rate of fresh weight increased with the increase of the concentration of salt solution, and the growth rate of fresh weight increased with the increase of the concentration of salt solution, and the rate of fresh weight increased with the increase of the concentration of salt solution.With the increase of salt concentration, the growth rate can reach 590.6.The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increased with the increase of the concentration of eutrophication salt, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reached 87.06 in 0. 5 脳 Hoagland solution, and the maximum removal rate of phosphorus in 0. 25 脳 Hoagland solution was 77.87. 2.The results of the study on the allelopathic interaction between P. Sophora and Microcystis aeruginosa showed that the water colonized by P. Sophora had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, and the higher the concentration of water was, the stronger the algicide action was and the greater the inhibition rate of microcystis aeruginosa was.Under co-culture conditions, different amounts of P. Sophora had different degrees of killing effect on microcystis aeruginosa. The more plants, the more serious the damage of algal cells, and the low density microcystis aeruginosa promoted the logarithm of leaves of P. Sophora under co-culture conditions.The increase of body length increased the fresh weight and chlorophyll content, while the high density microcystis aeruginosa inhibited the growth, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, which showed a low growth inhibition relationship.The results showed that the extract could significantly inhibit the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa. The higher the concentration of the extract, the longer the duration, the less the biomass and the higher the cell mortality.During this period, the electric conductivity and soluble nucleic acid and protein contents in the algae solution increased, and the SOD activity and the content of extracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of the cell antioxidant enzyme CATH POD increased first and then decreased rapidly.The results showed that the algal inhibition effect of the crude extract was as follows: ethyl acetate crude extract acetone crude ethanol crude extract water crude extract.The crude extracts of ethyl acetate and acetone, which had good algal inhibition effect, were purified by macroporous resin and analyzed by GC-MS.Dipropyl alcohol, isopropylacetone, tetrahydrolavender, pentadecanoaldehyde 14 heptadecenal, cumene were deduced.Butyl acetate, dipalmitate ascorbate, monoethyl hexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and Ding Ji undecane phthalate may be the allelopathic suppressants.In conclusion, because of its wide distribution, it can not only grow well in eutrophic waters, but also inhibit microcystis aeruginosa of a certain density.Therefore, the allelopathic inhibition effect and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of P. Sophora have a good prospect in the treatment of eutrophic water and the prevention of algae Shui Hua.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X173

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