本文選題：耐性菌株 + 篩選��； 參考：《江西理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)生產(chǎn)快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致大量重金屬進(jìn)入環(huán)境,造成了嚴(yán)重污染。重金屬污染傳統(tǒng)的物理化學(xué)處理法投資大,運(yùn)行費(fèi)用高,易造成二次污染,而生物處理法因其高效、低能、環(huán)境友好成為當(dāng)前處理重金屬污染的熱點(diǎn)。運(yùn)用平板分離法,從江西省贛州某鎢礦區(qū)受鉛鎘污染的土壤中分離純化出2株對Pb2+、Cd2+都具有很高耐受性的菌株。S型菌對Pb2+、Cd2+的最大耐受濃度分別為1300mg/L、1800 mg/L,而R型菌對Pb2+、Cd2+的最大耐受濃度分別為1100 mg/L、1200 mg/L。通過對S型和R型兩種菌株的生長條件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,兩株菌的最適生長溫度為40℃,最適p H為7-7.5,最適Na Cl濃度分別為0.5%和1%。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)的形態(tài)學(xué)觀察、生理生化實(shí)驗(yàn)以及分子生物學(xué)方法——16S r DNA測序比對發(fā)現(xiàn):其中一株菌為細(xì)菌屬于大腸桿菌屬(Enterobacter sp.),命名為Enterobacter sp.S。另外一種菌還在鑒定中,命名為R型菌。將兩株菌制成無活性吸附劑,該吸附劑對Pb2+、Cd2+有很好的吸附性能。各個單因素影響實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明:處于不同時期的菌體對Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附效果有較大的差異;溶液p H的升高會增加單位菌體的吸附量,然而p H過高不利于菌體的吸附;隨著菌體添加量的增加,Pb2+、Cd2+去除率逐漸增大,而單位菌體吸附量呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢;隨著環(huán)境溫度的增加,菌體的吸附量先增大后減小;隨著溶液中Pb2+、Cd2+增大,菌體吸附量明顯增大,但是Pb2+、Cd2+的去除率呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢;通過研究時間對菌體吸附的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),S型和R型對Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附是一個極其快速的過程,5 min時,吸附完成了最佳吸附量的60%以上。S型菌體對Pb2+的吸附對Langmuir和Freundlich兩個等溫吸附模型相符合的程度都很高;S型菌體對Cd2+的吸附更加適合用Langmuir等溫吸附模型來描述,而其與Freundlich模型的相符合程度也較高;R型菌體對Pb2+吸附對Langmuir和Freundlich兩個等溫吸附模型相符合的程度都不是很高;R型菌體吸附Cd2+的過程更適合用Langmuir等溫吸附模型來描述。掃描電鏡(SEM)表明菌體表面的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生明顯變化;能譜(EDX)顯示菌體吸附了Pb2+、Cd2+;紅外光譜圖(FTIR)顯示羥基和胺基的混合吸收峰、羧基、磷酸基團(tuán)特征吸收峰都發(fā)生比較明顯的強(qiáng)度變化,表明這些基團(tuán)在Pb2+、Cd2+吸附過程中的重要作用;X射線衍射(XRD)圖譜表明在吸附之后有新的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生�；瘜W(xué)掩蔽胺基、羥基、羧基、磷酸基后的菌體對Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附量均有不同程度的減少,表明這些基團(tuán)在菌體對Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附過程中發(fā)揮了作用。解吸實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,EDTA對吸附鉛鎘后菌體的解吸效果最好,達(dá)到90%以上;化學(xué)改性實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,Na OH對菌體的改性效果最佳。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of industrial production led to a large number of heavy metals into the environment, causing serious pollution of heavy metal pollution. The traditional physical and chemical treatment method of high investment, high operation cost, easy to cause two pollution, and biological treatment because of its high efficiency, low energy, environmentally friendly has become a hot topic in the treatment of heavy metal pollution. Using plate separation method, the lead cadmium pollution from the Jiangxi province Ganzhou tungsten mine soil Pb2+ was isolated in 2 strains of bacteria, strain.S type Cd2+ has very high tolerance to Pb2+, the maximum tolerated concentration of Cd2+ were 1300mg/L, 1800 mg/L, and the R type bacteria to Pb2+, the maximum tolerated concentration of Cd2+ was 1100 mg/L. 1200 mg/L. by optimizing growth conditions for S type and R type two strains, two strains of the optimum temperature is 40 DEG C, the optimum P of H is 7-7.5, the optimum Na concentration of Cl was 0.5% and 1%. respectively according to the traditional morphological observation, physiological and biochemical. Found the testing and molecular biology methods -- 16S R DNA sequencing: one strain of bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia coli (Enterobacter sp.), named Enterobacter sp.S. is another kind of bacteria identification, named R type bacteria. Two strains from the activated adsorbent, the adsorption of Pb2+, Cd2+ a good adsorption performance. Experimental study on the effect of each single factor showed that at different times of the biomass of Pb2+, Cd2+ adsorption effect is different; the increase of H P solution will increase the adsorption capacity per cell, but p H is too high is not conducive to bacterial adsorption; with the increase of amount of bacteria, Pb2+, Cd2+ the removal rate increased gradually, and the adsorption capacity per cell decreased; with the increase of environmental temperature, the adsorption capacity was increased first and then decreased; with the increase of Cd2+, solution Pb2+, biosorption was significantly increased, but Pb2+, Cd2+ removal The rate of decline was found to influence the adsorption of bacteria; through the study of the S type and R type of Pb2+, the adsorption of Cd2+ is a very rapid process, completed 5 min, adsorption adsorption above the best adsorption amount of 60%.S strains on Pb2+ correspond to Langmuir and Freundlich two isothermal the adsorption models have a high degree of adsorption; S type of Cd2+ was more suitable for the Langmuir isotherm model and the Freundlich model is consistent with a higher degree of type R; biosorption is consistent to Langmuir and Freundlich two adsorption isotherm model is not very high degree of Pb2+; R biosorption of Cd2+ is more suitable for the Langmuir isotherm model to describe. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the structure of the cell surface changed significantly; energy spectrum (EDX) showed that biosorption of Pb2+, Cd2+; infrared spectra (FTIR) showed that the hydroxyl and amine Mixed absorption peak, carboxyl group, phosphate group characteristic absorption peak change intensity obviously, suggesting that these groups in Pb2+, Cd2+ has an important role in the adsorption process; X ray diffraction (XRD) spectra showed that after adsorption in new material. Chemical masking of amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, phosphoric acid medium the cell of Pb2+, reduce the adsorption of Cd2+ in varying degrees, indicating that these groups in the cell of Pb2+, play a role in the process of Cd2+. The adsorption desorption experiments show that EDTA adsorption desorption effect on biomass of lead and cadmium after the best, more than 90%; chemical modification experiments show that Na OH on cell change the effect of the best.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X172

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