本文選題：水體中污染物排放 + 濃度場分布　； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究污染物排放到環(huán)境水體中的擴(kuò)散混合特征,在工程實踐中,如污水排放管和擴(kuò)散器的設(shè)計、排放水域和排放方式的選擇、水質(zhì)預(yù)測和水資源規(guī)劃及保護(hù)等都具有十分重要的指導(dǎo)意義和實際價值。本文首先對目前國內(nèi)外的濃度測量方法進(jìn)行了歸納和分析,并確定利用定量的數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)作為本文的濃度測量方法。然后采用物理實驗與數(shù)值模型模擬相結(jié)合的方法,對水體中污染物排放濃度場的分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究。物理實驗部分,重點建立了實驗室里水體中污染物濃度的測量方法,此種方法較為科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確,為實驗室里水體中污染物濃度的測量提供了一種實用的方法。具體測量過程分為污染物濃度的標(biāo)定和水槽實際測驗兩部分。在污染物濃度的標(biāo)定實驗中,分別在靜水和動水兩種狀態(tài)下對污染物濃度進(jìn)行了標(biāo)定,并得到污染物濃度與圖像灰度的關(guān)系曲線。對比兩個關(guān)系曲線,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)污染物動水標(biāo)定的實驗過程在儀器布置等外界條件方面更接近實際水體中污染物排放時濃度場分布的水槽實驗,所以選用動水標(biāo)定的關(guān)系曲線作為計算濃度-灰度的對應(yīng)關(guān)系曲線。在水槽測驗中,采用不同來水流量和污染物排放流量進(jìn)行了速度場和濃度場分布的測驗,測驗結(jié)果表明:(1)在一定的污染物排放流量的情況下,隨著來水流量的增加,污染物排放口附近流速方向越來越接近X軸方向,且污染物的排放對環(huán)境流場的影響也越來越小;(2)在一定的來水流量的情況下,隨著污染物排放流量的增加,污染物排放口附近流速方向越來越偏離X軸方向,且污染物排放口附近的流場變化越來越明顯,即環(huán)境流體受到污染物排放的影響也越大。(3)在一定的污染物排放流量的情況下,隨著來水流量的增加,濃度等值線逐漸向中間收縮,且擴(kuò)散寬度越來越小,同時濃度軌跡線在排放管口附近逐漸向水槽左側(cè)偏移;(4)在一定的來水流量的情況下,隨著污染物排放流量的增加,濃度等值線逐漸向兩側(cè)擴(kuò)張,且擴(kuò)散寬度越來越大,同時濃度軌跡線逐漸向水槽右側(cè)偏移。數(shù)值模擬部分,利用MIKE3軟件對水體中污染物排放的速度場和濃度場分布進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,并用物理實驗測量的水位數(shù)據(jù)、流速數(shù)據(jù)和濃度數(shù)據(jù)對數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了驗證,驗證結(jié)果較好。在此基礎(chǔ)上,用數(shù)值模型模擬了不同工況下(與物理水槽實驗工況相同)水體中污染物排放的濃度場分布,模擬結(jié)果表明:(1)在一定的污染物排放流量的情況下,隨著來水流量的增加,區(qū)域內(nèi)速度場發(fā)生了變化,具體表現(xiàn)為,整體流速不斷增加,污染物排放口附近的流速減小區(qū)域越來越小,流速的方向越來越接近X軸方向,而速度場的變化導(dǎo)致了區(qū)域內(nèi)的濃度場也發(fā)生了相應(yīng)的變化,即濃度不對稱區(qū)域逐漸減小,濃度等值線逐漸向中間收縮,且擴(kuò)散寬度越來越小,同時濃度軌跡線在排放管口附近逐漸向水槽左側(cè)偏移;(2)在一定的來水流量的情況下,隨著污染物排放流量的增加,區(qū)域內(nèi)速度場發(fā)生了變化,具體表現(xiàn)為,污染物排放口附近的流速減小區(qū)域越來越大,同時在污染物排放口附近流速的方向越來越偏離X軸方向,而速度場的變化導(dǎo)致了區(qū)域內(nèi)的濃度場也發(fā)生了相應(yīng)的變化,即濃度不對稱區(qū)域逐漸增大,濃度等值線逐漸向兩側(cè)擴(kuò)張,且擴(kuò)散寬度越來越大,同時濃度軌跡線在排放管口附近逐漸向水槽右側(cè)偏移。
[Abstract]:Study on pollutant emission to the diffusion mixing characteristics in environmental water, in engineering practice, such as sewage discharge pipe and the design of the diffuser, emissions and emission of waters, water quality prediction and water resources planning and protection are of great significance and practical value. This paper first analyzes and summarizes the concentration measurement methods at home and abroad, and determined by using digital image processing technique as a quantitative method for measuring concentration of this paper. Then the method combining simulation with physical experiment and numerical model of the distribution of the concentration field on the discharge of pollutants in water discharge were studied. Physical experiment, focusing on the establishment of the concentration of pollutants in the water measurement methods the laboratory, this method is more scientific and accurate, and provides a practical method for measuring the concentration of pollutants in water in the laboratory. The specific measurement The process is divided into two parts the pollutant concentration calibration and actual test. The tank calibration experiment of pollutant concentration, respectively in hydrostatic and hydrodynamic condition of two kinds of pollutant concentrations were calibrated, and get the relation curve of pollutant concentration and image. Comparing two curves analysis found that the experimental calibration process of water pollutants in the aspect of external conditions such as instrument layout is more close to the actual water pollutant emission concentration field distribution in flume experiments, so the selection of dynamic calibration curve of water as the corresponding curve of the calculated concentration gray. In the flume test, using different water flow and pollutant discharge flow of the velocity field and concentration field distribution test and the test results showed that: (1) in a certain traffic pollutant emission situation, with the increase of water flow and pollutant emission near the mouth of the flow direction more Come closer to the X axis, the environmental impact of the flow field and pollutant emissions are also increasingly small; (2) in the inflow of certain conditions, with the increase of pollutant discharge flow, pollutant emission near the mouth of the flow direction deviates from the direction of the X axis and the variation of the flow field near the mouth of the pollutant emission more and more obvious that is, the environment affected by fluid pollutant emissions increases. (3) in the traffic pollutant emission situation, with the increase of water flow, concentration contours gradually to the middle of contraction, and the diffusion width is more and more small, at the same time, concentration of track line emission in the pipe near the sink gradually to the left shift (4;) in the inflow of certain conditions, with the increase of pollutant emission flux, concentration contours to the sides gradually expanded, and the diffusion width increasing, while the concentration of track line gradually to the right side of the water tank. The numerical simulation of migration To be part of pollutant in the water velocity field and concentration field distribution was simulated by using MIKE3 software, and use level physical experimental data, verified the velocity data and the concentration data, verification results. On this basis, using the numerical model simulation under different conditions (with the same the physical condition of the concentration field of flume experiment) emissions of pollutants in the water, the simulation results show that: (1) in the traffic pollutant emission situation, with the increase of water flow in the region, the velocity field of the changes, specific performance, the overall flow rate increasing, emissions of pollutants near the mouth of the region and velocity decreases. The smaller the flow direction more and more close to the X axis, and the change of the velocity field caused the concentration field in the region has changed. The concentration of asymmetric regional concentration decreases gradually. Equivalent to the middle line gradually shrink, and the diffusion width is more and more small, at the same time, concentration of track line emission in the pipe near the sink gradually to the left shift; (2) water flow in certain circumstances, with the increase of pollutant discharge flow area, velocity changes, specific performance, emissions of pollutants near the mouth the velocity area is larger, while emissions near the mouth of the flow velocity in the direction of pollutants increasingly deviate from the direction of X axis, and the change of the velocity field caused the concentration field in the region has changed, namely asymmetric regional concentration gradually increased, concentration contours gradually to both sides of the expansion, and the diffusion width increasing at the same time, the concentration in the discharge orifice near the line gradually to the right side of the water tank offset.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 彭士濤;王心海;;達(dá)標(biāo)污水離岸排海末端處置技術(shù)研究綜述[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2014年01期

2 趙剛;李芳;杜軍偉;;仿生射流表面優(yōu)化設(shè)計與減阻機(jī)理分析[J];中南大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2014年05期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 時學(xué)娟;離岸排放污染物遷移擴(kuò)散的數(shù)值模擬研究及其應(yīng)用[D];天津大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1742223