本文選題：原油 + 生物降解　； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展,原油造成的環(huán)境污染問題日益嚴(yán)重,同時(shí)對原油污染處理技術(shù)的研究不斷深入,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)生物修復(fù)處理技術(shù)對原油降解效果優(yōu)異,而且該技術(shù)具有操作簡單、成本低、對環(huán)境無二次污染等特點(diǎn)。本試驗(yàn)從長期受原油污染的土壤中篩選獲得2株高效原油降解菌,并制備成固定化菌劑,通過對固定化方法選擇及微生物降解特性的研究,最終獲得最佳固定化方法及降解條件,并將該方法及條件應(yīng)用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)原油污染土壤的生物修復(fù)中。本試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果如下:1.本試驗(yàn)從松原長期受原油污染的土壤中分離、篩選出2株原油降解菌JL8和JL10。通過形態(tài)觀察、生理生化試驗(yàn)和16S rDNA分子生物學(xué)鑒定,確定原油降解菌JL8為惡臭假單胞菌(Pseudomonas putida sp.)、JL10為銅綠假單胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruqinosa sp.),且原油降解菌JL8和JL10均為產(chǎn)表面活性劑菌株。2.以原油降解菌JL10為研究對象,采用海藻酸鈉、聚乙烯醇及海藻酸鈉+聚乙烯醇三種固定化方法制備固定化菌劑,用于原油降解試驗(yàn)。通過考察固定化小球的性能及其對原油降解率,初步確定選擇聚乙烯醇(10.0%)+海藻酸鈉(1.0%)的方法固定化原油降解菌,其成球性、機(jī)械性、傳質(zhì)性良好,且對原油的降解率高達(dá)81.77%。3.對初步確定的固定化方法進(jìn)行改良,分別為聚乙烯醇(10.0%)+海藻酸鈉(1.0%)+硅藻土和聚乙烯醇(10.0%)+海藻酸鈉(1.0%)+活性炭兩種固定化方法,并以原油降解率為目標(biāo)對其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,最佳固定化方法為聚乙烯醇(10.0%)+海藻酸鈉(1.0%)+硅藻土(10g/L)與原油降解菌(OD600=0.75)等體積混合,滴入含1.0%CaCl2的飽和硼酸中,固定化30h。4.以原油降解菌JL8和JL10為固定化目標(biāo),對其降解特性進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,原油降解菌JL8在原油濃度10.0g/L、添加量為1.0ml菌懸液制備固定化小球、初始pH為8.0、鹽濃度為2.0%條件下,原油降解效果最好;原油降解菌JL10在原油濃度為10.0g/L、添加0.5ml菌懸液制備固定化小球、初始pH為9.0、鹽濃度為2.0%條件下,原油降解效果最好。5.采用玉米秸稈粉末15g、硅藻土5g作為吸附劑,分別固定原油降解菌JL8和JL10,并用于原油污染土壤試驗(yàn)室模擬試驗(yàn)中。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)75天生物降解后,固定化JL8和JL10對原油的降解率分別為95.98%和87.20%。綜上所述,本研究制備的固定化菌劑對原油的降解率較高,為日后原油污染土壤的生物修復(fù)提供了一定的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in China, the environmental pollution caused by crude oil is becoming more and more serious. At the same time, it is found that bioremediation technology has excellent degradation effect on crude oil.Moreover, the technology has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost and no secondary pollution to the environment.In this experiment, two strains of high efficient bacteria were obtained from soil contaminated by crude oil for a long time, and immobilized bacteria were prepared. The selection of immobilization methods and the characteristics of microbial degradation were studied.Finally, the best immobilization method and degradation conditions were obtained and applied to the bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil in laboratory.The results of this experiment are as follows: 1: 1.Two strains of crude oil degrading bacteria JL8 and JL10 were isolated from soil contaminated by crude oil in Songyuan for a long time.By morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests and molecular biological identification of 16s rDNA, the crude oil degrading bacteria JL8 was identified as Pseudomonas putida sp. JL10 as Pseudomonas aeruqinosa sp.0.The crude oil degrading bacteria JL8 and JL10 were both surfactant producing strains.The immobilized bacteria agent was prepared by three immobilization methods, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate polyvinyl alcohol, and used in crude oil degradation test.By investigating the properties of immobilized pellets and their degradation rate of crude oil, it was preliminarily determined that the method of immobilized crude oil degradation bacteria was polyvinyl alcohol 10.0) sodium alginate 1.0). Its spherical, mechanical and mass transfer properties were good, and the degradation rate of crude oil was as high as 81.770.3.The immobilization methods were modified as follows: polyvinyl alcohol 10.0) sodium alginate 1.0) diatomite and polyvinyl alcohol 10.0) sodium alginate 1.0) activated carbon, and the degradation rate of crude oil was optimized.The results showed that the optimum immobilization method was as follows: polyvinyl alcohol 10.0) sodium alginate 1.0) diatomite 10g / L) mixed with crude oil degrading bacteria OD6000.75), dripped into saturated boric acid containing 1.0Cl2, immobilized for 30h 路4.The degradation characteristics of crude oil degrading bacteria JL8 and JL10 were optimized.The results showed that when the crude oil concentration of JL8 was 10.0 g / L, the amount of 1.0ml suspension was added to prepare the immobilized pellets, the crude oil degradation efficiency was the best when the initial pH was 8.0 and the salt concentration was 2.0%.When the crude oil concentration of JL10 was 10.0 g / L, the immobilized pellets were prepared by adding 0.5ml bacteria suspension, and the initial pH was 9.0% and the salt concentration was 2.0%, the degradation effect of crude oil was the best.Corn straw powder 15g and diatomite 5g were used as adsorbent to immobilize crude oil degrading bacteria JL8 and JL10 respectively.The results showed that after 75 days of biodegradation, the degradation rates of crude oil by immobilized JL8 and JL10 were 95.98% and 87.20%, respectively.To sum up, the immobilized bacteria prepared in this study has a high degradation rate of crude oil, which provides a certain material basis for the bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X172

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 張秀霞;秦麗姣;吳偉林;趙朝成;;固定化原油降解菌的制備及其性能研究[J];環(huán)境工程學(xué)報(bào);2010年03期

2 張亞非;;油田開發(fā)對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響[J];油氣田環(huán)境保護(hù);2006年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 胡文穩(wěn);固定化微生物對原油污染土壤的生物修復(fù)[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：1742115