本文選題：銻　切入點(diǎn)：銻礦堆放區(qū)　出處：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展使世界對(duì)銻及其化合物的需求量越來(lái)越大。過(guò)量的開(kāi)采導(dǎo)致銻礦堆放區(qū)大量尾礦堆積,由于缺乏有效的處理措施導(dǎo)致露天堆放的尾礦在受到降雨或者融雪的侵蝕作用下會(huì)釋放大量的銻元素。這些銻元素會(huì)隨著雨水的徑流、滲透作用進(jìn)入土壤及周圍河流中,對(duì)銻礦區(qū)周圍環(huán)境造成了極大的污染。本論文以湖南冷水江銻礦堆放區(qū)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)堆放區(qū)各類廢棄物中銻的釋放規(guī)律及其在土-水界面的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程進(jìn)行研究,并對(duì)整個(gè)堆放區(qū)的污染釋放量進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。對(duì)冷水江銻礦堆放區(qū)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)踏勘,占整個(gè)堆放區(qū)數(shù)量最多的三種廢棄物(冶煉渣、尾礦砂、廢礦石)分別進(jìn)行取樣。針對(duì)三種廢棄物對(duì)銻的最優(yōu)釋放條件和在自然條件下影響廢棄物釋放銻元素的因素進(jìn)行室內(nèi)動(dòng)、靜態(tài)淋溶實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:在同一條件下,三種廢棄物中冶煉渣的銻釋放量最大,廢棄物的粒徑、雨水的p H、降雨強(qiáng)度和降雨歷時(shí)等均對(duì)廢棄物中銻的淋溶釋放有影響。其中雨水的p H在中性條件下銻元素釋放量最大,而在弱酸條件下釋放量比較小;隨著降雨時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng),銻元素的釋放量呈先升高再降低然后再升高的趨勢(shì)。對(duì)銻的釋放機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究,銻的淋溶釋放過(guò)程主要是物理沖刷和化學(xué)氧化反應(yīng)的共同作用。建立銻元素的釋放動(dòng)力學(xué)模型和淋溶釋放量模型,對(duì)堆放區(qū)的年釋放量和平均釋放濃度進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。通過(guò)對(duì)堆放區(qū)土-水界面環(huán)境下銻的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析,堆放區(qū)土-水界面銻元素的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程主要有對(duì)流彌散、淋溶釋放和土壤吸附三種,其中對(duì)流彌散作用是遷移轉(zhuǎn)化的主要方式。建立適合銻礦堆放區(qū)土-水界面的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化模型,利用Laplace變換來(lái)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解并對(duì)在遲滯因子影響下飽和土壤滲流過(guò)程中滲透速度μR和縱向彌散系數(shù)DR參數(shù)進(jìn)行率定。并對(duì)方程進(jìn)行土柱實(shí)驗(yàn)利用實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行方程擬合驗(yàn)證,擬合相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.9715。表明該模型可以很好的模擬銻礦堆放區(qū)土-水界面中銻的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程,為研究區(qū)域環(huán)境中銻的污染提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of modern industry and the world demand for antimony and its compounds more. The excessive mining lead antimony ore tailings piled up large areas, due to the lack of effective treatment measures in tailings piled up in the open air under rainfall or snowmelt erosion will release of antimony elements. These elements will rain runoff with sb penetration into the soil, and the surrounding rivers, causing great pollution to the surrounding environment in antimony mine. In this paper, the Lengshuijiang of Hunan antimony ore stacking area as the research object, the waste stacking area in all kinds of antimony release rules and migration in soil water interface conversion process was studied, and the stacking area pollution the release amount of forecast of Lengshuijiang antimony stacking area carry out field investigation, accounting for the number of the three largest waste stacking area (smelting slag, tailings, waste rock) respectively. Sampling. According to the three kinds of waste on the release of antimony optimal conditions and influence factors of waste release antimony element in the natural conditions of indoor dynamic, static leaching experiment. The experimental results show that under the same conditions, three kinds of waste in the largest amount of antimony smelting slag release, waste particle size, rain P H, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration on the leaching of antimony in waste release. The rain P H under neutral condition of antimony element release is the largest, and in the weak acid condition release amount is relatively small; with the rainfall time increasing, the release amount of antimony elements were increased firstly and then decreased and then increased. Study on trend. The release mechanism of antimony, antimony leaching process is the interaction of physical erosion and chemical oxidation reaction. The amount of model release kinetic model and the establishment of the leaching of antimony element, stacking area The annual release quantity and average release concentration prediction. Based on the stacking area soil water interface under the environment of antimony migration and transformation process analysis, migration and transformation process of stacking area soil water interface of antimony elements is mainly convection dispersion, leaching and adsorption of three kinds of soil, the convection dispersion effect is the transformation of the main way. For the establishment of antimony ore stacking area soil water interface migration transformation model, using Laplace transform to solve the model and calibration of seepage velocity R and longitudinal dispersion coefficient DR saturated parameters influence on the hysteresis factor soil seepage process. And soil column experiments using the experimental data to verify the equation fitting equation fitting the correlation coefficient of 0.9715. showed that the process of migration and transformation of the model simulation of antimony can well stack area of soil water interface in antimony, for the study of regional environmental pollution of antimony in certain Theoretical basis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X753;X52;X53

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本文編號(hào)：1724472