本文選題：土地利用　切入點：碳排放　出處：《成都理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地作為最基礎的自然資源,承載著人類一切日常生活和生產(chǎn)活動,近年來,土地利用方式的轉(zhuǎn)變導致環(huán)境問題日益突出,全球氣候變化、土壤污染等問題日益加劇,對人類的生活造成了極大的困擾。為了促進社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護相互協(xié)調(diào),土地利用格局需要合理布置,而土地的可持續(xù)利用是土地最合理的利用方式,也是人類生存的首要條件,因此土地的可持續(xù)利用程度越高,表明土地利用安排更合理。研究土地利用的碳排放效應,可以得知土地利用方式對大氣環(huán)境的影響,而基于碳排放估算的基礎上進行土地可持續(xù)利用評價可以得知土地的可持續(xù)利用水平,對于改善土地利用現(xiàn)狀、促使土地合理化布局具有重要的指導意義。本文在分析國內(nèi)外學者對土地利用碳排放和土地可持續(xù)利用評價研究的基礎上,選取成都市的土地利用作為研究對象。分析了成都市土地利用特點、變化特征以及所面臨的問題;參照學者對各種土地利用類型的碳排放系數(shù)的研究確定本文選取地類的碳排放系數(shù),并利用系數(shù)估算法得到了成都市2000-2013年間各用地類型的碳排放效益及凈碳排放量的變化趨勢;結(jié)合成都市土地利用的實際情況,選取土地可持續(xù)利用評價相關指標,建立評價指標體系,運用層次分析法確定各指標權重,并借鑒熵值法對權重進行優(yōu)化組合的到綜合權重值,然后將各指標的原始數(shù)據(jù)值進行規(guī)范化,最后運用線性加權的方法計算得出成都市2000-2013年土地可持續(xù)利用水平。以數(shù)據(jù)為依托,分別對碳排放效應、可持續(xù)準則層評價結(jié)果進行了分析,并基于分析提出了針對成都市土地利用現(xiàn)狀的優(yōu)化建議。研究表明:成都市土地利用現(xiàn)狀以農(nóng)用地為主,建設用地比例較大,土地利用率高,后備資源不足,人均土地資源貧乏。成都市碳排放量主要來自于建設用地,林地和園地是主要的碳匯,耕地同時具有碳源和碳匯的作用,牧草地由于面積較小,碳匯作用較弱。2000-2013年間,耕地碳排放呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢,建設用地的碳排放量快速增加,主要來源于能源消耗,林地和園地的碳吸收量均先增加后減少,與各自的面積變化趨勢相同。土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,導致了凈碳排放量逐年增加,以2009年前顯得尤為突出。2009年后隨著環(huán)境保護意識加強,土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)相對合理,凈碳排放量的增長速率有所降低。相對碳源效應而言,土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)自身的碳匯功能微乎其微,因此改善環(huán)境、實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的途徑主要依賴于節(jié)能減排。同時成都市的地均碳排放和人均碳排放均逐年增大,但受能源結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化調(diào)整的影響,單位GDP的碳強度在逐年減少�？沙掷m(xù)利用分項評價結(jié)果顯示,保護性指標呈波動上升的趨勢,處于臨界可持續(xù)和基本可持續(xù)狀態(tài);穩(wěn)定性指標波動較大;生產(chǎn)性指標的可持續(xù)程度先下降后上升;成都市經(jīng)濟發(fā)展較快,經(jīng)濟活力指標評價值呈線性增長;接受性指標的狀態(tài)較穩(wěn)定,先下降后上升。2000-2013年間,成都市土地利用可持續(xù)水平先降低后增加,由基本可持續(xù)狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕R界可持續(xù)狀態(tài),再逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榛究沙掷m(xù)狀態(tài),說明成都市在經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的過程中,最初忽略了環(huán)境保護和土地資源的保護,近幾年強化了土地的可持續(xù)利用,狀態(tài)逐漸好轉(zhuǎn)。但成都市土地可持續(xù)利用分項指標中,土地的穩(wěn)定性指標在下降,經(jīng)濟指標持續(xù)上升,雖然局勢得到一定控制,但有待進一步調(diào)整用地結(jié)構(gòu),保證土地利用的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:The land is the most basic natural resources, carrying all human daily life and production activities, in recent years, the land use change leads to environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, global climate change, soil pollution and other problems become more and more serious, caused great distress to human life. In order to promote social development and environmental protection coordination, land the pattern needs a reasonable layout and sustainable land use is the most reasonable way of land use, is the primary condition of human survival, so the higher the degree of sustainable utilization of land, that land use arrangement more reasonable. The study of carbon emission effect of land use, the effects of land use on the atmospheric environment, the level of sustainable based on the use of carbon emissions estimation on sustainable land use evaluation that land, to improve the land use status, promote The land has an important guiding significance to the rational layout. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scholars on the basis of land use and carbon emissions evaluation of sustainable land use, land use in Chengdu city were selected as the research object. This paper analyzes the characteristics of land use in Chengdu City, characteristics and problems of reference to determine the carbon emission coefficient; this paper takes the research of various land use types of carbon emission coefficient, and obtained the changing trend of the type of carbon emission efficiency and net carbon emissions by 2000-2013 from the Chengdu city using coefficient estimation method; combined with the actual situation of Chengdu city land use, sustainable land use evaluation index selection. The establishment of evaluation index system, using AHP to determine the weight of each index, and using entropy method to optimize the combination of comprehensive weight values of the weights, then the The original data index values were standardized, finally calculated 2000-2013 years in Chengdu City, the level of sustainable land use by using linear weighted method. Based on data, respectively on the effects of carbon emissions, sustainable criteria evaluation results are analyzed, and based on the analysis put forward suggestions to optimize the land use status in Chengdu City. The results show that: mainly agricultural land land use status of Chengdu City, a large proportion of construction land, land utilization, resources shortage, land resources per capita is poor. Chengdu City carbon emissions mainly from the construction land, woodland and garden land is the main carbon sink, with carbon sources and sinks of pasture, because the area a smaller, weaker carbon sink during.2000-2013, the cultivated land carbon emissions showed a downward trend, the rapid increase in carbon emissions in the construction, mainly from the energy consumption, and woodland The garden of carbon uptake was increased first and then decreased, with the same area of the respective trend. The change of land use structure, resulted in a net carbon emissions increased year by year, in 2009 is particularly prominent after.2009 years with the strengthening of environmental protection consciousness, the land use structure is relatively reasonable, the net carbon emissions growth rate decreased. Relative effect of carbon sources, carbon sequestration very little land ecosystem itself, thus improving the environment, sustainable development mainly depends on energy saving and emission reduction. At the same time in Chengdu city are carbon emissions and per capita carbon emissions are increasing year by year, but by the impact of the adjustment of energy structure optimization, the reduction in carbon intensity per unit of GDP year by year. The sustainable use of partial evaluation results showed that the protective index fluctuated upward trend, in the critical state of sustainable and sustainable basic stability index; fluctuation; students Sustainable production levels index decreased first and then increased; Chengdu rapid economic development, the economic activity index showed a linear growth; acceptance index of a stable state, first decreased and then increased during.2000-2013, the level of sustainable land use in Chengdu City firstly decreased and then increased, change from the basic state of sustainable development is the critical state of sustainable development, and then gradually change the basic sustainable state, Chengdu city in the process of rapid economic development, initially ignored the protect the environment protection and land resources, in recent years to strengthen the sustainable use of land, the state gradually improved. But the sustainable land utilization of Chengdu sub indexes, the stability index of land in the fall, the economic indicators continued to rise although the situation, get some control, but needs further adjustment of land use structure, guarantee the stability of land use.

【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301.2;X821

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