本文選題：城市熱環(huán)境　切入點(diǎn)：下墊面　出處：《南京信息工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),由于全球變暖和城市化進(jìn)程加快,城市熱效應(yīng)不斷加劇,對(duì)城市空氣質(zhì)量、和公共健康等有深遠(yuǎn)影響,嚴(yán)重威脅城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展。城市熱環(huán)境作為影響城市生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的重要因素,已成為城市氣候和區(qū)域氣候研究中的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。本研究利用長(zhǎng)時(shí)間序列的遙感數(shù)據(jù),基于RS與GIS技術(shù),分析南京市20多年來(lái)城市熱環(huán)境的空間格局及變化趨勢(shì),并結(jié)合土地利用數(shù)據(jù)及遙感反演得到的下墊面參數(shù),分析城市熱環(huán)境與土地利用類型與下墊面參數(shù)的相關(guān)關(guān)系；在2002年與2010年反演的地表溫度的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用CA-Markov模型模擬得到2018年的南京市地表溫度；最后針對(duì)目前南京存在的城市熱環(huán)境問(wèn)題,提出了規(guī)劃應(yīng)對(duì)建議。主要結(jié)論包括：1988年至2010年南京城市熱島效應(yīng)逐年增加,城市中的江體、主要湖泊與大型山體的地表溫度并沒(méi)有隨著時(shí)間的變化而發(fā)生較大的改變。從空間分析上來(lái)看,南京市高溫區(qū)的擴(kuò)張方向,在江北地區(qū)主要是東北西南方向,依靠長(zhǎng)江沿岸從浦口區(qū)向六合區(qū)一線向周邊擴(kuò)張。江南地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張方向主要分為三個(gè)方面,一是以紫金山-玄武湖為中心向東擴(kuò)張,二是沿著長(zhǎng)江沿岸向西南方向擴(kuò)張,三是以江寧的東山鎮(zhèn)和新秦淮河江寧段向四周擴(kuò)張。在對(duì)熱島強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行的十一級(jí)分級(jí)中,各類土地利用類型只有建設(shè)用地有著較為明顯的變化趨勢(shì),熱島強(qiáng)度較高地區(qū),建設(shè)用地所占面積越來(lái)越高。表征城市地表的NDISI指數(shù)與地表溫度在一定程度上呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,表征水體的MNDWI與地表溫度在一定程度上呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,表征植被的NDVI與地表溫度在一定程度上呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步將城市中地物類型劃分為交通用地、居住地與工業(yè)用地,通過(guò)定量分析發(fā)現(xiàn)三種類型中NDISI每增加相同的值,升溫幅度均為工業(yè)用地居住地交通用地。將水體進(jìn)一步劃分為河渠、湖泊與水庫(kù),通過(guò)定量分析發(fā)現(xiàn)三種類型中的MNDWI每增加相同的值,降溫幅度四年均為河渠湖泊水庫(kù)；將植被區(qū)域進(jìn)一步劃分為林地、草地與耕地,通過(guò)定量分析發(fā)現(xiàn)三種類型中的MNDWI每增加相同的值,降溫幅度四年均為林地最高,草地與耕地因年份不同降溫幅度并沒(méi)有呈現(xiàn)很好的規(guī)律性。利用CA-Markov對(duì)城市熱環(huán)境進(jìn)行模擬預(yù)測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),長(zhǎng)江以南地區(qū)擴(kuò)張方向主要是沿著長(zhǎng)江沿岸向東西擴(kuò)張和環(huán)著紫金山向四周擴(kuò)張,長(zhǎng)江以北地區(qū)主要是六合區(qū)和浦口區(qū)從東北至西南方向連成一片,與2002年與2010對(duì)比分析來(lái)看,2010至2018年增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)明顯變緩,可見(jiàn)未來(lái)城市熱島效應(yīng)應(yīng)有逐漸放緩和改善的趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the acceleration of the process of global warming and urbanization, the urban heat effect is becoming more and more serious, which has a far-reaching impact on urban air quality and public health, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of cities.As an important factor affecting the quality of urban ecological environment, urban thermal environment has become a hot issue in the study of urban climate and regional climate.Based on RS and GIS technology, the spatial pattern and changing trend of urban thermal environment in Nanjing in the past 20 years are analyzed by using remote sensing data of long time series, and the underlying surface parameters obtained from land use data and remote sensing inversion are combined.The correlation between urban thermal environment and land use type and underlying surface parameters is analyzed, and based on the inversion of surface temperature in 2002 and 2010, the CA-Markov model is used to simulate the surface temperature of Nanjing in 2018.Finally, some suggestions are put forward to solve the problem of urban thermal environment in Nanjing.The main conclusions are as follows: from 1988 to 2010, the urban heat island effect in Nanjing increased year by year, and the surface temperature of the river body, the main lake and the large mountain body in the city did not change greatly with the change of time.From the spatial analysis, the expansion direction of high temperature area in Nanjing is mainly northeast southwest direction in the north of the Yangtze River, relying on the Yangtze River coast from Pukou district to Liuhe district to expand to the periphery.The expansion direction of Jiangnan area is mainly divided into three aspects, one is to expand eastward with Zijinshan-Xuanwu Lake as the center, the other is to expand southwestward along the Yangtze River coast, and the third is to expand around the Dongshan Town of Jiangning and the Jiangning section of New Qinhuai River.In the eleventh grade classification of the intensity of the heat island, only the construction land has a more obvious change trend, and the area occupied by the construction land is more and more high in the high intensity area of the heat island.There was a positive correlation between NDISI index and surface temperature, a negative correlation between MNDWI and surface temperature, and a negative correlation between NDVI and surface temperature.Furthermore, the types of urban features are divided into traffic land, residential area and industrial land. Through quantitative analysis, it is found that each increase of NDISI in the three types is the same value, and the warming range is the traffic land of industrial land.The water body is further divided into river channels, lakes and reservoirs. Through quantitative analysis, it is found that the MNDWI of the three types increases by the same value, and the cooling range for four years is the channel, lake and reservoir, and the vegetation area is further divided into woodland, grassland and cultivated land.Through quantitative analysis, it was found that for each increase of MNDWI in the three types, the decrease rate of MNDWI was the highest in four years, and the different cooling ranges of grassland and cultivated land did not show good regularity.By using CA-Markov to simulate and predict the urban thermal environment, it is found that the south of the Yangtze River extends mainly along the Yangtze River coast to the east and west and around the Zijinshan Mountains.The north of the Yangtze River is mainly located in Luhe District and Pukou District from northeast to southwest. Compared with 2002 and 2010, the growth trend of Luhe District and Pukou District has slowed obviously from 2010 to 2018. It is obvious that the urban heat island effect should be gradually slowed down and improved in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P461;X16

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