本文選題：污泥　切入點(diǎn)：微波熱解　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：污泥微波高溫?zé)峤饧夹g(shù)具有減量化程度高,能夠有效的固定重金屬,殺滅污泥中的致病微生物,實(shí)現(xiàn)無害化的優(yōu)點(diǎn),而且熱解過程中能夠產(chǎn)生富含H2和CO的生物氣,能夠作為燃料使用,具有很好的工程應(yīng)用的前景。本研究利用自主設(shè)計(jì)搭建的微波實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),以連續(xù)的產(chǎn)生高品質(zhì)生物氣為目標(biāo)。實(shí)驗(yàn)通過間歇運(yùn)行,以氣象色譜作為檢測(cè)方法,探究熱解終溫、停留時(shí)間、升溫速率及活性炭添加量對(duì)污泥熱解產(chǎn)氣的影響規(guī)律,得出污泥微波熱解的最優(yōu)化條件;以最優(yōu)化條件作為微波連續(xù)熱解的運(yùn)行參數(shù),進(jìn)行連續(xù)熱解,獲取富含H2和CO的生物氣。污泥熱解過程中還會(huì)釋放硫化氫,造成空氣污染,實(shí)驗(yàn)通過XPS、GC-MS、氣象色譜的檢測(cè)方法,分別對(duì)污泥熱解產(chǎn)生的固體殘?jiān)�、生物油和生物氣進(jìn)行檢測(cè),探究含硫物質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律和硫化氫的產(chǎn)生條件,通過生石灰與污泥混合共同熱解的方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)硫化氫的固定,并且利用化學(xué)吸收法對(duì)產(chǎn)生氣體中的硫化氫進(jìn)行去除,得到清潔的生物氣。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用單因素分析法對(duì)污泥影響因素進(jìn)行研究。(1)熱解終溫越高污泥的產(chǎn)氣率越高,氣體中的H2和CO組分也越高,熱解終溫的最佳值為900℃;(2)升溫速率的升高對(duì)污泥的產(chǎn)氣具有促進(jìn)作用,污泥中H2和CO組分也有所增長;(3)在一定范圍內(nèi)適當(dāng)?shù)脑黾游勰酂峤獾耐Ａ魰r(shí)間能夠產(chǎn)生更多的生物氣,并且氣體中的H2和CO含量也更高,實(shí)驗(yàn)得出最佳的停留時(shí)間為50 min;(4)活性炭是污泥熱解的吸波物質(zhì),增加活性炭能夠增加熱解的傳熱效率,增加產(chǎn)氣量和H2和CO組分含量,實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的活性炭的最佳添加比例為30%。通過以上實(shí)驗(yàn)得出微波熱解的最佳條件:熱解終溫900℃、微波功率1600 W、停留時(shí)間50 min、活性炭添加比30%。用以上得出的最佳條件進(jìn)行微波連續(xù)高溫?zé)峤?運(yùn)行時(shí)間為6h,共計(jì)熱解污泥28 kg,產(chǎn)生生物氣16.13 kg,產(chǎn)氣率為57.8%,其中H2和CO體積分?jǐn)?shù)之和為67%,產(chǎn)生生物油為5.49 kg,剩余的固體殘?jiān)馁|(zhì)量為6.33 kg,減量達(dá)77.4%,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果達(dá)到預(yù)期。通過氣相色譜儀對(duì)污泥連續(xù)熱解產(chǎn)生的生物氣進(jìn)行檢測(cè),得到生物氣中的硫化氫濃度進(jìn)行檢測(cè),結(jié)果為0.375 mg/m3,遠(yuǎn)超過煙氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定值。實(shí)驗(yàn)利用間歇實(shí)驗(yàn)法對(duì)污泥熱解產(chǎn)生硫化氫的機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)熱解產(chǎn)生的三相產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行分別測(cè)定,利用XPS對(duì)污泥的熱解殘?jiān)M(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)主要的含硫物質(zhì)為硫醇,無機(jī)硫化物,噻吩,亞砜和砜和硫酸,隨溫度的升高脂肪族硫醇減少而無機(jī)硫化物和噻吩含量增加;通過GC-MS對(duì)污泥熱解的液相組分進(jìn)行檢測(cè),生物油主要組成為脂肪族-S化合物,芳香族-S化合物和噻吩-S的化合物。隨著溫度的升高,生物油中的脂肪族-S和芳香族-S含量減少,而噻吩-S的含量增加;通過氣象色譜對(duì)生物氣進(jìn)行檢測(cè),硫化氫的濃度在100℃~500℃區(qū)間升高迅速,在500℃~800℃增長緩慢,800℃達(dá)到最大值,通過分析,無機(jī)硫化氫、脂肪族-S和芳香族-S在不同的階段都會(huì)分解釋放硫化氫。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用污泥中添加5%的Cao共同熱解,探究Ca O脫除硫化氫的機(jī)理,即Cao與硫化氫形成Ca S,使含硫物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)換到固體殘?jiān)?從而實(shí)現(xiàn)生物氣中含硫物質(zhì)的去除,在微波連續(xù)運(yùn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)中進(jìn)行污泥生石灰共同加熱,生石灰添加量越高,則硫化氫的去除率越高,生石灰添加量為15%時(shí)測(cè)定硫化氫的濃度為0.091 mg/m3,去除率達(dá)到75.6%,具有顯著的去除效果,并且對(duì)產(chǎn)生的生物氣通過三種脫硫方法對(duì)殘留的硫化氫進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的去除,比較三種脫硫方法的效果,選擇銅鐵吸收法作為合適的脫硫方法硫化氫去除率達(dá)到94.8%以上,生物氣可以進(jìn)行直接利用。
[Abstract]:Sludge microwave pyrolysis technology has a high degree of reduction and fixation of heavy metals can effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms, sludge, harmless advantages, and the pyrolysis process can produce rich H2 and CO bio gas, can be used as fuel, has a good prospect of engineering application. This study uses the microwave experimental platform independent design and build, to continuously produce bio gas high quality as the goal. Through the experiment of intermittent operation, detection method in gas chromatography as research, pyrolysis temperature, residence time, heating rate and activated carbon addition on effect of sludge pyrolysis gas, the optimum conditions of microwave pyrolysis of sludge; with the optimum conditions as the operation parameters of continuous microwave pyrolysis, continuous pyrolysis, get rich in H2 and CO will release hydrogen sulfide gas. Biological sludge pyrolysis process, air pollution caused by experiment Through XPS, GC-MS, detection method of gas chromatography and solid residue were produced on sludge pyrolysis, bio oil and bio gas detection, condition inquiry and transformation of hydrogen sulfide sulfur containing substances, through the method of lime and sludge mixed co pyrolysis of hydrogen sulfide, fixed, and the use of chemical absorption method for removal the hydrogen sulfide gas, clean biogas. Analysis of influencing factors of single factor experiment using sludge pyrolysis temperature (1). The higher the sludge gas production rate is high, H2 and CO in the group of gas is higher, the optimum value of final pyrolysis temperature is 900 DEG C; (2) the increase of the heating rate of sludge gas promotes the sludge H2 and CO were also increased; (3) in a certain range appropriate to increase the residence time of sludge pyrolysis to produce more raw material gas, and the gas in H2 And the content of CO is higher, the optimum residence time of 50 min; (4) activated carbon absorbing material pyrolysis of sludge, adding activated carbon can increase the heat transfer efficiency of pyrolysis gas production increased, and H2 and CO content, the optimum conditions of activated carbon results that the best proportion is 30%. according to the above experiments: the microwave pyrolysis pyrolysis temperature of 900 DEG C, microwave power 1600 W, the residence time of 50 min, the optimum conditions of activated carbon added than 30%. the microwave continuous pyrolysis, operation time is 6h, a total of 28 kg biological sludge pyrolysis, gas 16.13 kg, gas production rate was 57.8%. The H2 and CO volume fraction is 67%, producing bio oil is 5.49 kg, the quality of the solid residue remaining for 6.33 kg, reduced by 77.4%, to achieve the desired experimental results. Detected by gas chromatograph to produce continuous pyrolysis of sludge bio gas, was born Detection of hydrogen sulfide concentrations in gas, the result is 0.375 mg/m3, far more than the provisions of flue gas emission standard value. Mechanism study experiment using batch experiment of hydrogen sulfide on sludge pyrolysis, the pyrolysis products of three phase were determined by XPS on sludge pyrolysis residue analysis, found mainly for sulfur containing substances inorganic sulfide, mercaptan, thiophene, sulfoxide and sulfone and sulfuric acid, with the increase of temperature reduction and inorganic sulfide aliphatic mercaptan and thiophene content increased; were detected by GC-MS on sludge pyrolysis liquid group, bio oil is mainly composed of -S aliphatic compounds, aromatic compounds and thiophene compounds -S with the temperature of -S. Increased, reduce the bio oil in aliphatic and aromatic -S -S content, and the content of thiophene -S increase; by gas chromatography for detection of biological gas, the hydrogen sulfide concentration in 100 ~500 OC interval increased rapidly, slow growth at 500 DEG ~800 DEG, 800 DEG C reached the maximum value, through the analysis of inorganic hydrogen sulfide, -S and aliphatic aromatic -S released hydrogen sulfide in different stages. The experiment using Cao co pyrolysis of adding 5% sludge, removal of hydrogen sulfide on Ca O mechanism, i.e. Cao and Ca S to form hydrogen sulfide, sulfur containing substances into solid residue, so as to achieve the removal of sulfur species in the biogas, run in continuous microwave experiment of sludge lime common heating, lime adding amount is higher, while the hydrogen sulfide removal rate is high, the concentration of lime is 15% when the adding amount of hydrogen sulfide determination for 0.091 mg/m3, the removal rate reached 75.6%, with significant removal effect of residual hydrogen sulfide removal and further through three kinds of desulfurization methods to produce biogas, three desulfurization method, selection As a suitable desulfurization method, the removal rate of hydrogen sulfide can reach more than 94.8%, and biogas can be used directly.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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