本文選題：煙道灰　切入點(diǎn)：次氧化鋅　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國有色冶煉行業(yè)每年產(chǎn)生大量固體廢棄物,如：爐底廢渣、煙道灰等,這些廢棄物對環(huán)境造成了一系列惡劣影響,對其進(jìn)行高效、清潔治理已刻不容緩。同時(shí),現(xiàn)有傳統(tǒng)工藝資源利用率較低,副產(chǎn)很多低價(jià)值中間產(chǎn)品,亟需高值化利用。針對目前有色行業(yè)固廢及低端產(chǎn)品積壓嚴(yán)重的現(xiàn)狀,本文以有色冶煉行業(yè)較常見的兩種低價(jià)值物料：煙道灰和次氧化鋅為代表,開展了全濕法處理有色行業(yè)低價(jià)值物料的新工藝研究,以實(shí)現(xiàn)物料有價(jià)金屬的綠色、低成本、高值化利用。主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下：(1)成功設(shè)計(jì)了濕法處理煙道灰的工藝流程為：水洗-磁選-酸浸-后續(xù)分離。發(fā)現(xiàn)：不溶性砷酸鹽是所測煙道灰物料中鋅和砷的主要存在形式,水溶性鋅、砷主要以硫酸鋅和三氧化二砷的形式被水洗浸出。磁選后,磁性物質(zhì)的鐵品位達(dá)到36.8%,主要成分為Fe和Fe3O4。通過對比單一硫酸、鹽酸及混合硫酸硝酸、混合鹽酸硝酸四種酸浸體系,發(fā)現(xiàn)硫酸-硝酸混酸體系為最優(yōu),在優(yōu)化工藝條件為：硝酸用量8 mL/100 g,反應(yīng)溫度80℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間2h時(shí),其Cu、Zn、As、Bi的浸出率分別為92.14%、92.34%、90.00%,10.01%,而Pb沒有浸出。(2)深入研究了水洗液鋅砷分離過程,在單一硫酸鐵和氧化鈣除砷工藝的基礎(chǔ)上,原創(chuàng)性地提出了硫酸鐵-氧化鈣-氨水三步鋅砷選擇性分離新工藝。在優(yōu)化工藝條件下,As的脫除率大于98.9%,而Zn的損失小于10%。進(jìn)一步的機(jī)理研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：體系pH值在2-3之間變化時(shí),As的脫出率無明顯改變；而Zn的脫除率變化較大,其原因不僅與溶度積常數(shù)有關(guān),Fe3+、Ca2+的競爭吸附也產(chǎn)生了一定影響。(3)確定了次氧化鋅制備納米氧化鋅的工藝流程為：酸浸-除雜-前驅(qū)體制備-煅燒�？疾炝艘徊椒皟刹椒ㄋ峤に囘^程對硫酸鋅溶液的影響；優(yōu)化了ZnO-硫酸銅/鋅粉-鋅粉除雜順序,得到了合格的硫酸鋅溶液。(4)通過對比碳酸氫銨、碳酸鈉、氨水三種沉淀體系,原創(chuàng)性地提出了超聲-陽離子表面活性劑耦合沉淀新工藝,獲得了六方晶系結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)級品納米氧化鋅樣品,其BET數(shù)值達(dá)到46.99 m2/g。
[Abstract]:A large number of solid wastes are produced every year in China's nonferrous smelting industry, such as furnace bottom slag, flue ash and so on. These wastes have caused a series of adverse effects on the environment, so it is urgent to carry out high efficiency and clean treatment. At the same time, The utilization ratio of traditional technology resources is low, and the by-products are many low-value intermediate products, which are in urgent need of high-value utilization. In view of the serious backlog of solid waste and low-end products in the colored industry at present, In this paper, two kinds of low value materials: flue ash and zinc oxide, which are more common in nonferrous smelting industry, are taken as the representative, and the new process of treating low value materials in non-ferrous industry by full wet process is carried out in order to realize the green and low cost of the valuable metals of the materials. The main contents and results of this study are as follows: 1) the process of wet flue ash treatment is as follows: water washing, magnetic separation, acid leaching and subsequent separation. It is found that the insoluble arsenate is the zinc in the flue ash. And the main forms of arsenic, Water soluble zinc and arsenic are washed out by water in the form of zinc sulfate and arsenic trioxide. After magnetic separation, the iron grade of magnetic material reaches 36.8, the main components are Fe and Fe _ 3O _ 4. By comparing the single sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and mixed nitric acid, Four kinds of acid leaching systems of mixed hydrochloric acid and nitric acid were found to be the best. The optimum technological conditions were as follows: the amount of nitric acid 8 mL/100 g, reaction temperature 80 鈩，

本文編號：1671416