本文選題：主要污染物　切入點(diǎn)：通量　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：南水北調(diào)東線工程成敗關(guān)鍵在治污,治污重點(diǎn)在山東,重中之重在南四湖流域。南四湖地處山東省西南部,湖面南北狹長(zhǎng)約125km,東西寬5-25km,湖面面積1266km2,是中國(guó)北方最大的淡水湖泊,也是我國(guó)第6大淡水湖泊,同時(shí)還是南水北調(diào)東線工程山東段的重要輸水通道和調(diào)蓄湖泊。東線調(diào)水布局及南四湖所處地理位置決定了南四湖流域水污染控制成為東線工程治污的關(guān)鍵。準(zhǔn)確估算南四湖流域入湖河流污染物通量對(duì)流域污染物總量控制和水質(zhì)保護(hù)具有重要意義。而污染負(fù)荷的準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià)已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前南四湖流域水環(huán)境管理和總量控制的“瓶頸”。因此,亟待建立涵蓋點(diǎn)源和非點(diǎn)源的南四湖流域入湖河流主要污染物通量評(píng)估方法,為流域治污工作提供技術(shù)支撐。本文在充分收集水文、氣象、水利工程、土地利用、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)和污染源普查等數(shù)據(jù)資料基礎(chǔ)上,以薛城小沙河流域作為南四湖流域入湖河流示范流域,開(kāi)展了陸域點(diǎn)源(集中污水處理設(shè)施、未經(jīng)處理生活源、工業(yè)點(diǎn)源和集中畜禽養(yǎng)殖)調(diào)查,建立了點(diǎn)源與河段對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系；通過(guò)生成水文、氣象、地形、土地利用、土壤、人口、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)和點(diǎn)源等要素圖層,建立了滿足HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Progorm-FORTRAN)模擬需求的基礎(chǔ)地理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)；通過(guò)時(shí)間序列的生成(水文、氣象、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)和點(diǎn)源負(fù)荷)、施肥數(shù)據(jù)施肥數(shù)據(jù)錄入、河道水力函數(shù)表的建立(河道、閘壩和水庫(kù))、初始參數(shù)估計(jì)和靈敏度分析等步驟,建立了薛城小沙河流域HSPF模型；利用HSPF模型對(duì)2007-2010年南四湖入湖河流薛城小沙河流域彭口閘斷面主要污染物(COD、氨氮、總氮和總磷)入湖通量進(jìn)行模擬與評(píng)估,模擬給定斷面的主要污染物負(fù)荷,并分析負(fù)荷的構(gòu)成及年內(nèi)分布情況。主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)以BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point Nonpoint Sources)核心模型HSPF為工具,在綜合考慮點(diǎn)源(工業(yè)點(diǎn)源、集中污水處理設(shè)施、未經(jīng)處理生活源和畜禽養(yǎng)殖點(diǎn)源)和非點(diǎn)源的基礎(chǔ)上,以薛城小沙河流域?yàn)槭痉读饔?建立了缺乏同步觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)條件下南四湖入湖河流主要污染物通量評(píng)估方法。(2)在考慮水庫(kù)和閘壩等重要水質(zhì)影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)具有南四湖入湖河流薛城小沙河主要污染物水質(zhì)濃度和入湖通量進(jìn)行了模擬。薛城小沙河流域出口彭口閘各主要污染物通量特征為：①2007年,COD、氨氮(NH3-N)總磷(TP)通量以未經(jīng)處理生活源為主；總氮(TN)通量以集中污水處理設(shè)施為主。②2008～2010年,COD、總氮(TN)和總磷(TP)通量以集中污水處理設(shè)施為主；氨氮(NH3-N)通量以非點(diǎn)源為主。HSPF在薛城小沙河流域主要污染物通量評(píng)估中的應(yīng)用結(jié)果表明：在缺乏同步觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)條件下,HSPF在對(duì)閘控河流主要污染物濃度和通量的研究中能夠取得較好的效果,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)河流流域不同監(jiān)測(cè)斷面主要污染物負(fù)荷通量構(gòu)成的分析,能夠同時(shí)給出點(diǎn)源和非點(diǎn)源入湖通量,為污染物總量分配及負(fù)荷削減提供依據(jù),并為南四湖流域其它入湖河流主要污染物通量的評(píng)估及總量控制從技術(shù)上提供參考依據(jù)。(3)以MATLAB為工具,建立了針對(duì)HSPF模型輸出文件(.out)的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)模型輸出數(shù)據(jù)的快速統(tǒng)計(jì),相對(duì)常規(guī)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法極大地節(jié)省了人力和時(shí)間。
[Abstract]:North Water Transfer Project key to success in pollution control, pollution focus in Shandong, focus in Nansi Lake. The Nansi Lake is located southwest of Shandong Province, the North-South strip is about 125km, the width is about 5-25km, the area of 1266km2, is the largest freshwater lake in North Chinese, is China's sixth largest freshwater Lake, an important water channel at the same time or the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Shandong section of the eastern water diversion and storage lakes. The layout and location of Nansi Lake determines the Nansi Lake Basin water pollution control has become a key project of the eastern route of pollution. The accurate estimation of flux of pollutants into the Lake Nansi Lake region of river basin is of great significance to the total pollutant control and water quality protection and pollution load accurately. The evaluation has become the Nansi Lake water environmental management and total control of the "bottleneck". Therefore, to establish the covering point and non-point source South four The lake into Lake River is the main pollutant flux evaluation method, to provide technical support for watershed pollution control work in this article. The full collection of hydrology, meteorology, water conservancy project, land use, water quality monitoring and pollution source census data on the basis of the data, in Xuecheng Shahe River as the river into the Lake Nansi Lake watershed demonstration, carried out the land source (centralized sewage treatment facilities, untreated life source, industrial point source and centralized livestock) survey, a point source and reach corresponding relationship; through the generation of hydrology, meteorology, topography, land use, soil, population, water quality monitoring and point source elements layer is built to meet the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Progorm-FORTRAN) the simulation needs basic geographic database; by generating time series (hydrology, meteorology, water quality monitoring and pollution load), fertilizer fertilization data entry data, the river hydraulic function table The establishment (river, dam and reservoir), initial parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis steps, established the HSPF model of Xue Chengxiao Shahe basin; 2007-2010 years of Nansi Lake River in Xuecheng Shahe river mouth small Peng gate section by using the HSPF model of main pollutants (COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were simulated with the flux into the lake assessment of major pollutants load simulation for a given section, and analyze the composition and distribution of annual load situation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) to BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point Nonpoint Sources HSPF) core model as a tool, considering the point source (industrial point source, centralized sewage treatment facilities, without treatment the source of life and livestock and poultry breeding point source and non-point source) based on the Xuecheng Shahe basin as a demonstration basin, established under the condition of lack of synchronous observation data of four South Lake River pollution Flux evaluation method. (2) in consideration of the reservoir and the dam and other important influence on water quality, water quality of major pollutants concentration in Nansi Lake Shahe and lake Xuecheng river small flux is simulated. The main pollutants exported to Xuecheng small Shahe basin Peng Kou Zha flux characteristics are as follows: 2007, COD ammonia (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP) flux to untreated life source; total nitrogen (TN) fluxes to centralized sewage treatment facilities. In 2008~2010 years, COD, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) flux to centralized sewage treatment facilities; ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) fluxes to non-point source the main results of.HSPF application in flux of major pollutants in Xuecheng small watershed assessment in Shahe show that in the absence of conditions of synchronous observation data, research on HSPF gate controlled River main pollutant concentrations and fluxes can obtain better effect, can achieve the river Analysis of main pollutants in different domain monitoring section load flux composition, can also give the point source and non-point source flux into the lake, and provide the basis for the total pollutant load allocation and load reduction, and flux of major pollutants into the lake and other rivers in Nansi Lake Basin assessment and total control of reference from technology. (3) based on MATLAB a tool for HSPF model output file (.Out) statistical method, which can realize the rapid statistical model of output data, relative to the conventional statistical method greatly saves manpower and time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X524

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本文編號(hào)：1667481