本文選題：土壤重金屬　切入點：表層土壤　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,城市內(nèi)的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和其他類型的人類活動導(dǎo)致了城市土壤重金屬的污染問題日趨嚴(yán)重,直接關(guān)系到了土壤質(zhì)量和人類的生存。為揭示城市化、工業(yè)化等人為活動對土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響,對昆明市主城區(qū)開展生態(tài)地球化學(xué)調(diào)查工作,統(tǒng)計分析土壤中重金屬元素的含量數(shù)據(jù)并就此展開討論,繪制研究區(qū)單元素異常圖和1987年的異常圖對比分析時空變化特征；使用指數(shù)評價法(單因子污染指數(shù)法,內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法)對研究區(qū)內(nèi)的土壤污染現(xiàn)狀評價,并根據(jù)不同行政區(qū)的污染程度開展討論；使用SPSS22對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析和因子分析從而對土壤重金屬污染的來源進(jìn)行了解析。得出主要結(jié)論如下：1、研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤中砷(As)、鎘(Cd)、鉻(Cr)、銅(Cu)、汞(Hg)、鎳(Ni)、鉛(Pb)、鋅(Zn)的含量分布離散程度較高,相比昆明市土壤背景值和中國土壤A層平均值都呈現(xiàn)富集狀態(tài)：土壤重金屬污染來源主要受工業(yè)和交通的影響。冶煉廠對這八種重金屬元素的含量影響較大,另外交通因素也在一定程度上影響了土壤中的Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn含量。2、對研究區(qū)土壤重金屬的含量數(shù)據(jù)分析得出,本區(qū)土壤重金屬元素含量的高值和極值大多分布在有色金屬冶煉、機(jī)械加工等工廠和交通擁堵區(qū)。3、通過分析研究區(qū)土壤重金屬元素的時空變化特征可以得出：就元素含量值而言,對比2007年調(diào)查取樣的昆明市區(qū)土壤元素背景值與1987年采集的土壤重金屬正常含量值,數(shù)值變化不大；就土壤地球化學(xué)異常圖進(jìn)行對比和分析,兩次土壤調(diào)查重金屬元素的中度、重度污染區(qū)主要分布于茨壩-二環(huán)東路-福保村以西,而且土壤中八種重金屬元素的污染面積均有不同程度的擴(kuò)大。4、對研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤重金屬污染狀況進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評價,區(qū)內(nèi)土壤的重金屬污染情況不容樂觀,需要引起有關(guān)部門的高度重視。單因子污染指數(shù)評價結(jié)果表明,表層土壤中污染指數(shù)最為嚴(yán)重的是Cd污染,其次是Cu和Ni的污染；不同行政區(qū)的重金屬污染程度也不相同,八種重金屬元素在西山區(qū)和五華區(qū)的污染比較嚴(yán)重,在官渡區(qū)和盤龍區(qū)的污染程度尚輕；內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法的評價也體現(xiàn)出研究區(qū)土壤已經(jīng)受到了不同程度污染的現(xiàn)象,五華區(qū)和西山區(qū)的大部分地區(qū)呈現(xiàn)中度、重度污染,盤龍區(qū)和官渡區(qū)的土壤受重金屬的污染程度較輕。5、運(yùn)用相關(guān)分析、因子分析和聚類分析方法對土壤重金屬污染來源分析得出：(1)相關(guān)分析顯示研究區(qū)土壤中重金屬As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn整體上相關(guān)性較強(qiáng),Cr和Ni之間呈顯著正相關(guān),可能為同源關(guān)系；(2)因子分析結(jié)果顯示控制研究區(qū)表層土壤重金屬來源有2個主因子,分別是：As、Cd、Cu、Hg、 Pb、Zn受區(qū)內(nèi)工業(yè)和交通因素控制,Cr和Ni主要受研究區(qū)內(nèi)工業(yè)污染影響,并且聚類分析的結(jié)果與因子分析結(jié)果相吻合。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy in China, industrial production and other types of human activities in cities lead to the increasingly serious pollution of heavy metals in urban soils, which is directly related to the quality of soil and the survival of human beings. The effects of artificial activities such as industrialization on soil environmental quality were investigated in the main urban area of Kunming, and the data of heavy metal contents in soil were statistically analyzed and discussed. The spatial and temporal variation characteristics of single element anomaly map and 1987 anomaly map were compared and analyzed, and the present situation of soil pollution in the study area was evaluated by using index evaluation method (single factor pollution index method, Nemero comprehensive pollution index method). And carry out the discussion according to the pollution degree of the different administrative region; The sources of heavy metal pollution in soil were analyzed by using SPSS22 correlation analysis and factor analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The contents of arsenic, cadmium, CD, Cr, Cu, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Pb, Zn) in the soil of the study area. The discrete degree of quantity distribution is higher, Compared with the background value of soil in Kunming and the average value of A layer of soil in China, the soil heavy metal pollution sources are mainly affected by industry and traffic, and smelters have a great influence on the contents of these eight heavy metals. In addition, traffic factors also affected the content of PbZn in soil to some extent. The data of heavy metal content in the soil of the study area showed that the high value and extreme value of the heavy metal content in the soil were mostly distributed in non-ferrous metal smelting. By analyzing the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of heavy metal elements in the soil of the study area, it can be concluded that, as far as the content of the elements is concerned, Comparing the background values of soil elements collected in 2007 with the values of normal contents of heavy metals collected in 1987, the values of soil geochemical anomalies were compared and analyzed. The heavily polluted area is mainly distributed in the west of Ziba-second Ring Road to the west of Fubao Village, and the polluted area of eight heavy metal elements in the soil has been expanded to some extent. The quality of heavy metal pollution in the study area has been evaluated. The results of single factor pollution index evaluation showed that CD pollution was the most serious in topsoil, followed by Cu and Ni pollution. The pollution degree of heavy metals in different administrative regions is also different. The pollution of eight heavy metal elements is serious in Xishan area and Wuhua district, but the pollution degree in Guandu district and Panlong district is still light. The evaluation of the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method also shows that the soil in the study area has been polluted to varying degrees, with moderate and severe pollution in most areas of Wuhua region and the western mountainous area. The soil in Panlong District and Guandu District is slightly polluted by heavy metals. The results of factor analysis and cluster analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between Cr and Ni in the soil of the study area. The results of factor analysis indicated that there were two main factors in controlling the source of heavy metals in the surface soil of the study area, namely, the heavy metal source of the surface soil of the study area, that is, the heavy metals in the surface soil of the study area were: 1. The heavy metals in the surface soil of the study area were respectively: 1. The heavy metals in the surface soil were controlled by industrial and traffic factors in the study area. The results of cluster analysis and factor analysis are in agreement with each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 束長亮;汪e，

本文編號：1663351