本文選題：能源微藻　切入點(diǎn)：氮磷去除　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著能源的消耗與需求越來越大,環(huán)境問題越來越引起人們的關(guān)注與擔(dān)憂,此外逐漸漲高的油價(jià)也引起人類的恐慌,因此找到一種可替代的新能源迫在眉睫。作為第三代生物能源的原材料—微藻,由于其具有生長速率快,油脂含量高,不占農(nóng)耕面積等競爭性優(yōu)勢一直以來是研究的熱點(diǎn)。并且,微藻制備的生物柴油是一種可生物降解,可再生,無毒,碳中和的環(huán)境友好型能源。因此,利用生物柴油取代化石燃料是大勢所趨。然而微藻產(chǎn)油要實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模工業(yè)化生產(chǎn),必須要解決產(chǎn)率低,成本高這兩大瓶頸問題,即要篩選高產(chǎn)油脂微藻,降低生產(chǎn)成本。針對成本高這一問題,研究者提出利用污水作為微藻培養(yǎng)的替代培養(yǎng)基,微藻生長的同時吸收其中的氮磷等營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),不僅起到污水處理的作用,同時積累生物質(zhì)。這一概念的提出實(shí)現(xiàn)了污水處理系統(tǒng)向生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)化,兼具環(huán)境效益與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。本文從濟(jì)南市當(dāng)?shù)厮w中分離純化微藻,從中初步篩選出環(huán)境適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)及高產(chǎn)油脂微藻四株。利用人工配制的生活污水,考察四株微藻在人工配水中的生長狀況,氮磷去除能力及油脂積累特性,最終從中選出性能最佳的一株柵藻。循環(huán)利用校園污水作為Scenedesmus SDEC-13的替代培養(yǎng)基,考察其對于校園污水的利用及處理情況,并研究了該柵藻的油脂及蛋白積累特性。本文得到的主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)通過平板分離法及96孔板法篩選獲得純藻株4株。透射電鏡分析顯示四株藻藻體內(nèi)含有大量油脂滴,因此其可作為富油微藻來研究。對其進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)及分子生物學(xué)學(xué)上的分析鑒定,最終給四株藻分別命名為Chlorella sp. SDEC-10, Chlorella sp. SDEC-11, Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-12, Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-13。此外,4株藻已被保存至中國科學(xué)院淡水藻種庫,編號分別為：]FACHB-1765, FACHB-1767, FACHB-1766, FACHB-1768。其中Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-12， Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-13也于中國典型培養(yǎng)物保藏中心(武漢)予以保藏,保存編號分別為：CCTCC NO: M 2014497和CCTCC NO: M 2014498。(2)四株微藻的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),能夠在人工配制的生活污水中迅速生長,并且獲得比BG-11培養(yǎng)基中更高的生物量。四株微藻在人工配水中獲得了高的油脂產(chǎn)量,均高于25%。四株藻在人工配水中生長的同時,吸收其中的氮磷營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),對于污水中的氮磷有明顯的去除效果,其中磷的去除率幾乎為100%,氮的去除率相對低。(3)綜合比較四株藻在人工配制的生活污水中的生長狀況,油脂積累特性以及氮磷去除能力, Scenedesmus SDEC-13獲得最大的生物量產(chǎn)率(68.92 mg/L·d),其對于氨氮的去除效率最高達(dá)65%,磷去除率達(dá)100%,油脂產(chǎn)率高,并且其脂肪酸甲酯組成分析表明更適合作為生物柴油的原料,因此,四株微藻中SDEC-13是優(yōu)勢藻種。(4)利用未經(jīng)滅菌、稀釋等前處理而只經(jīng)六層紗布過濾的校園污水作為替代培養(yǎng)基,培養(yǎng)Scenedesmus SDEC-13。校園污水可以被循環(huán)使用兩次來滿足SDEC-13的生長需求,同時積累油脂、合成蛋白。兩次循環(huán)利用校園污水培養(yǎng)SDEC-13獲得的油脂產(chǎn)量較高,均在25%以上；脂肪酸組成分析表明,校園污水中培養(yǎng)的SDEC-13中脂肪酸組分更適合生產(chǎn)高品質(zhì)的生物柴油。蛋白含量均在30%以上,氨基酸組成分析顯示獲得的蛋白品質(zhì)較高。校園污水經(jīng)過兩次利用后其中的氮磷得到有效去除,最終出水可以滿足市政污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一級A標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而達(dá)標(biāo)排放。
[Abstract]:With the energy consumption and demand more and more, the environmental problems caused by more and more people's attention and concern, also gradually rose high oil prices have caused human panic, so to find a new alternative energy sources is imminent. As a raw material - microalgae third generation biofuels, due to its fast growth rate, oil content high, does not account for the farming area of competitive advantage has been the hotspot of research. Also, microalgae for biodiesel preparation is a biodegradable, renewable, non-toxic, environmentally friendly energy carbon neutral. Therefore, the use of bio diesel to replace fossil fuels. However, microalgae oil is represent the general trend to achieve large-scale industrial production. We must solve the low yield, high cost of these two major bottlenecks, namely to screening of high lipid microalgae, reduce the production cost. In order to solve the problem of high cost, the researchers proposed the use of sewage for Alternative medium for culturing microalgae and microalgae growth and absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus and other nutrients, not only play the role of sewage treatment, while the accumulation of biomass. The concept of the sewage treatment system to achieve the transformation of the production system, both environmental benefits and economic benefits. In this paper, the separation and purification of microalgae from the local water Ji'nan City, from the initial screening of environmental adaptability and high yield. Four strains of oleaginous microalgae with synthetic sewage of four microalgae growth conditions on the artificial water, nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity and oil accumulation characteristics, finally choose the optimal performance of a strain of Scenedesmus cycle as a replacement for the Scenedesmus SDEC-13. The medium used for the use of the campus sewage, and treatment of campus sewage, and studied the oil and protein accumulation characteristics of Scenedesmus. Mainly studies the The method is as follows: (1) and 96 well microtiter plate screening to obtain pure strains 4 strains by plate separation. TEM analysis showed that four strains of algae body contains a lot of fat drops, so it can be used as oil rich research. Study on the identification and analysis of morphology and molecular biology of the final to four strains of algae named Chlorella sp. SDEC-10, Chlorella sp. SDEC-11, Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-12, Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-13., in addition, 4 strains of algae have been preserved to Chinese Academy of freshwater algae species pool, numbered:]FACHB-1765, FACHB-1767, FACHB-1766, FACHB-1768. and Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-12, Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-13 in Chinese (Wuhan type culture collection center to be preserved, preserved) numbered: CCTCC NO: M 2014497 and CCTCC NO: M 2014498. (2) of four strains of microalgae and environmental adaptability, can be formulated in artificial sewage In the rapid growth, and cultivation of higher biomass medium than BG-11. Four strains of microalgae oil with high yield in synthetic water were higher than those of 25%., four strains of algae in the water and artificial growth, absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage has obvious among them, the phosphorus removal rate is almost 100%, the nitrogen removal rate is relatively low. (3) the growth status of comprehensive comparison of four strains of algae in artificial sewage, oil accumulation and characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal ability of Scenedesmus SDEC-13 to obtain the maximum biomass yield (68.92 mg/L d), the ammonia nitrogen the removal efficiency of up to 65%, the phosphorus removal rate was 100%, the oil yield is high, and its methyl fatty acid composition analysis showed that more suitable as raw material for biodiesel, therefore, four strains of microalgae in SDEC-13 is the dominant species. (4) use without sterilization, dilution and pretreatment Only through six layers of gauze filter campus sewage as substitute of medium, culture Scenedesmus SDEC-13. campus sewage can be recycled two times to meet the growing demand of SDEC-13, while the accumulation of fat, protein synthesis. The two recycling of campus sewage grease culture high yield SDEC-13, were more than 25%; analysis shows that fat acid, fatty acid composition of biodiesel is more suitable for the production of high quality cultivation of campus sewage in SDEC-13. The protein content was above 30%, the amino acid composition analysis showed that the protein quality obtained higher. Campus sewage after two times after the use of nitrogen and phosphorus which can be efficiently removed, the final effluent can meet the discharge standard of municipal sewage treatment plant the level of A standard and pollutant discharge standards.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X799.3;X173

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