本文選題：關(guān)中地區(qū)　切入點：機動車污染　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,人民生活水平的提高,關(guān)中地區(qū)機動車保有量迅速增加,機動車污染排放在關(guān)中大氣復(fù)合型污染中所占的比重越來越大。機動車尾氣中的污染物通過呼吸道進入人體,會引起呼吸道疾病,對人體的健康產(chǎn)生極大的危害。因此,開展機動車污染控制研究,探尋關(guān)中地區(qū)機動車污染排放特征及其時空分布規(guī)律,制定有效的污染控制策略,已成為迫在眉睫的問題。機動車污染排放清單是機動車污染源排放各種污染物信息的集合,是政府和環(huán)保部門在政策制定和環(huán)境管理時重要的參考依據(jù),也是空氣質(zhì)量模型重要的基礎(chǔ)輸入數(shù)據(jù),它對于模擬和了解研究區(qū)域的空氣質(zhì)量狀況,制定有效的污染減排措施具有重要的作用。本論文建立了一套詳細的機動車污染排放清單測算方法,包括排放因子的模擬,排放清單的估算和時空分布的建立等內(nèi)容。首先,本文利用MOVES模型模擬了關(guān)中地區(qū)機動車分車型排放因子,并通過排放因子法估算得到機動車污染排放清單。2012年關(guān)中機動車PM2.5、PM10、NOX、THC、CO、VOC、NH3和SO2排放量依次為0.41×104噸、0.55×104噸、8.19×104噸、5.24×104噸、45.4×104噸、4.1×104噸、0.1×104噸和0.42×104噸。其中,西安市的污染排放比重最大,PM2.5和PM10排放量分別占到46.53%和48.39%;汽油車(主要是小型客車和摩托車)是CO和VOC的主要機動車排放源,柴油車(主要是中、重型貨車)是NOx和PM的主要機動車排放源。其次,以關(guān)中現(xiàn)有道路網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ),通過線源和面源相結(jié)合的方式對排放清單進行時空分布,并研究了污染排放時間分布規(guī)律和空間分布特征,得出機動車污染排放呈現(xiàn)出明顯的區(qū)域性特征,在路網(wǎng)較為稠密,人口流動量較大的城市中心地帶污染排放較高,以西安市最為明顯,城區(qū)污染排放最嚴重,向外延伸,排放也逐漸減少。最后,根據(jù)關(guān)中實際情況,簡要探討了適合關(guān)中地區(qū)的污染控制措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the number of motor vehicles in Guanzhong area has increased rapidly. Vehicle pollution emissions account for more and more of the air pollution in Guanzhong. The pollutants from motor vehicle exhaust enter the human body through the respiratory tract, which will cause respiratory diseases and cause great harm to human health. To study motor vehicle pollution control, to explore the characteristics of motor vehicle pollution emission and its space-time distribution in Guanzhong area, and to formulate effective pollution control strategies. Motor vehicle pollution emission inventory is a collection of pollutant information from motor vehicle pollution sources. It is an important reference basis for government and environmental protection departments in policy formulation and environmental management. It is also an important input data for air quality models, which can be used to simulate and understand the air quality situation in the study area. It is very important to establish effective emission reduction measures. In this paper, a set of detailed vehicle emission inventory calculation methods are established, including the simulation of emission factors, the estimation of emission inventory and the establishment of space-time distribution. In this paper, MOVES model is used to simulate vehicle emission factors in Guanzhong area. In 2012, the emission of vehicle PM2.5G10NOXTHCTHCTHCTHCTHC-COVOCU NH3 and SO2 were 0.41 脳 104 tons, 0.55 脳 104 tons, 8.19 脳 104 tons, 5.24 脳 104 tons, 45.4 脳 104 tons, 4.1 脳 10 4 tons, 0.1 脳 104 tons and 0.42 脳 104 tons, respectively. Xi'an has the largest proportion of pollution emissions, PM2.5 and PM10, which account for 46.53% and 48.39.The gasoline vehicles (mainly minibuses and motorcycles) are the main sources of motor vehicle emissions of CO and VOC, while diesel vehicles (mainly medium), Heavy truck) is the main vehicle emission source of NOx and PM. Secondly, based on the existing road network in Guanzhong, the emission inventory is distributed in time and space through the combination of line source and non-point source. The characteristics of time and space distribution of pollution emission are studied. It is concluded that vehicle pollution emission shows obvious regional characteristics, and the pollution emission is higher in the urban center where the road network is dense and the population is large. The pollution discharge in Xi'an is the most serious, which extends outward and decreases gradually. Finally, according to the actual situation of Guanzhong, the pollution control measures suitable for Guanzhong are briefly discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X734.2

【共引文獻】

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本文編號：1641468