本文選題：荷蘭　切入點(diǎn)：人工濕地　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近幾年來,歐洲極端降雨的發(fā)生率越來越高,極端降雨會(huì)給人類的生產(chǎn)生活帶來不可估量的損失,對(duì)于這些過量的雨水,相關(guān)學(xué)者已提出了科學(xué)的解決方法,其中一種解決方法就是建造人工濕地。人工濕地是一種綜合的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),具有儲(chǔ)水和凈水兩大功能。位于恩斯赫德和亨厄洛(荷蘭城市)之間的“Kristalbad”就是這樣一種新型水利設(shè)施。本項(xiàng)研究主要介紹了如何利用遙感技術(shù)來獲得極端天氣狀況(降雨率、云的屬性),并推算出地表特性,例如地表鋪砌面和無鋪砌面,自由水體,排水設(shè)施,滲流設(shè)施等的地表分配情況。另外,本文還能獲得模擬模型(DMS)的輸入數(shù)據(jù),此模型可用來模擬地表徑流,排水量等水文及水力學(xué)過程。因此,本研究包含三個(gè)部分,首先是運(yùn)用衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)來推導(dǎo)降雨率,其次是建立基于數(shù)字化高程模型(DEM)的子集水區(qū),最后是建立一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)模型(RAM-Duflow)來監(jiān)測(cè)流經(jīng)人工濕地的地表徑流。這三部分介紹如下1.本文首先嘗試采用METEOSAT Second Generation(歐洲氣象衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用組織使用的靜止氣象衛(wèi)星METEOSAT的第二代衛(wèi)星)的圖像以獲得降雨率,結(jié)果表明該法取得的降雨率較正常值偏低,因此效果并不理想。但從文獻(xiàn)綜述中,另一種方法運(yùn)用云的微觀物理屬性也可用來探測(cè)降雨。cloudphysical propertied(CPP)算法基于云水路徑(CWP),云頂溫度(CTT),云有效粒徑(CRE)和云光學(xué)厚度(COT)來推導(dǎo)降雨率,在經(jīng)過實(shí)地?cái)?shù)據(jù)校準(zhǔn)后,這種方法較于原始的基于CTT的auto-estimator(AE)算法顯示出良好的結(jié)果。2.本文利用不同的遙感高程數(shù)據(jù)以比較和評(píng)估表征化的集水區(qū)及集水網(wǎng)。這里運(yùn)用的DEM有:具有30米分辨率的航天飛機(jī)雷達(dá)地形測(cè)繪任務(wù)(SRTM)和具有5米及0.5米分辨率的基于機(jī)載激光雷達(dá)技術(shù)的荷蘭官方數(shù)字高程(AHN)。結(jié)果表明,由0.5米分辨率高程圖像衍生的排水網(wǎng)絡(luò)與實(shí)際排水網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有很高的一致性。3.在模擬降雨徑流從產(chǎn)生到流經(jīng)人工濕地Kristalbad期間,評(píng)估Duflow模型(DMS)的應(yīng)用。從上述遙感數(shù)據(jù)推導(dǎo)及當(dāng)?shù)厮畡?wù)局得到的數(shù)據(jù),可生成兩個(gè)簡化的“概念”模型:降雨徑流模型(RAM)和Duflow網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。簡化的“概念”RAM-Duflow的建立是為了模擬特定區(qū)域的降雨徑流。由于排水設(shè)施的復(fù)雜性及數(shù)據(jù)的有效性,DMS只運(yùn)行RAM模塊。模擬的結(jié)果表明,RAM是一個(gè)非常實(shí)用的工具,用戶可以用它來計(jì)算已知區(qū)域的降雨徑流。雖然從污水處理廠(Elsbeek)到kristalbad的圖形化Duflow網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)建立,但由于在ITC的研究時(shí)間小于6個(gè)月,一個(gè)設(shè)定完全的可執(zhí)行模型系統(tǒng)無法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)完成,所以我們建議在今后的研究中,建立一個(gè)完善的全流域水質(zhì)模型系統(tǒng),并驗(yàn)證在DMS程序中的適用性。同時(shí),可以進(jìn)一步利用衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)和預(yù)測(cè)區(qū)域極端降雨。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the incidence of extreme rainfall in Europe has been increasing, and extreme rainfall will bring incalculable losses to human production and life. For these excessive Rain Water, relevant scholars have put forward scientific solutions. One solution is to build constructed wetlands, which are an integrated ecosystem. "Kristalbad", located between Enshead and Henslow (Dutch city), is one such new type of water facility. This study focuses on the use of remote sensing technology to obtain extreme weather conditions (rainfall rates). The properties of the cloud are calculated, and the surface distribution of surface properties, such as surface paving and unpaved surface, free water, drainage, seepage facilities, etc., can also be obtained by the input data of the simulation model DMS. This model can be used to simulate hydrological and hydraulic processes such as surface runoff, displacement and so on. Therefore, this study consists of three parts: first, using satellite data to derive rainfall rate; secondly, establishing a subcatchment area based on digital elevation model (DEM). Finally, a basic model, RAM-Duflow, is established to monitor the surface runoff flowing through constructed wetlands. The three parts are introduced as follows. 1. This paper first attempts to adopt METEOSAT Second Generation (the second geostationary meteorological satellite METEOSAT used by EUMETSAT). To obtain rainfall rates, The results show that the rainfall rate obtained by this method is lower than the normal value, so the effect is not satisfactory. Another method can also be used to detect rainfall. Cloud physical properties can also be used to detect rainfall. The CPP algorithm is based on cloud water path, cloud top temperature, cloud effective particle size and cloud optical thickness (COT) to derive rainfall rate. This method shows good results compared with the original auto-estimator based on CTT algorithm. 2. In this paper, we use different remote sensing elevation data to compare and evaluate representative catchment areas and catchment networks. The DEM used here is as follows: 30m resolution. The Space Shuttle Radar terrain Mapping Mission (SRTM) and the official Dutch digital elevation (AHN) based on airborne lidar technology with a resolution of 5 m and 0.5 m. The results show that. The drainage network derived from the 0.5 meter resolution elevation image has a high consistency with the actual drainage network. 3. During the period from the generation of simulated rainfall runoff to the flow through constructed wetland Kristalbad, To evaluate the application of the Duflow model. Derived from the above remote sensing data and obtained from the local water authorities, Two simplified "conceptual" models can be generated: the rainfall runoff model (Ram) and the Duflow network model. The simplified "concept" RAM-Duflow is established to simulate rainfall runoff in a given area. Due to the complexity of drainage facilities and the availability of data. The simulation results show that RAM is a very useful tool. Users can use it to calculate rainfall runoff in known areas. Although a graphical Duflow network from the sewage treatment plant Elsbeek to kristalbad has been established, the research time at ITC is less than six months. A fully executable model system can not be completed in a short period of time, so we propose to establish a perfect water quality model system for the whole basin in future research, and verify the applicability of the system in the DMS program. Satellite data could be further used to monitor and predict regional extreme rainfall.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TV121;X171

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