本文選題：散燒煤　切入點(diǎn)：電煤　出處：《環(huán)境科學(xué)研究》2016年12期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：散燒煤供暖是一種污染物排放量大、一次能源利用效率低的供暖方式,亟需尋找一種新的供暖方式替代散燒煤供暖.在對(duì)比評(píng)估散燒煤與電煤各種主要污染物排放量的基礎(chǔ)上,提出直接電采暖和低溫空氣源熱泵兩種替代散燒煤供暖方案,以緩解京津冀地區(qū)大氣污染,并對(duì)改造前后的污染物排放量和技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性進(jìn)行分析;從區(qū)域污染物綜合減排的戰(zhàn)略角度提出對(duì)京津冀地區(qū)原散燒煤采暖用戶進(jìn)行低溫空氣源熱泵供暖改造和燃煤電廠執(zhí)行"超凈排放"改造兩種方案,并對(duì)兩種方案的污染物減排效果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比.結(jié)果表明:單位散燒煤的污染物排放量遠(yuǎn)高于電煤,其中散燒煤的SO_2、NO_x、煙塵和綜合PM_(2.5)排放因子分別為17.12、2.80、6.37和9.80 g/kg,電煤的SO_2、NO_x、煙塵和綜合PM_(2.5)排放因子分別為0.43、0.85、0.17和0.47 g/kg,散燒煤對(duì)綜合PM_(2.5)的貢獻(xiàn)是電煤的20.9倍;直接電采暖和低溫空氣源熱泵供暖均能有效減少污染物排放量,其中直接電采暖可使每戶每年采暖期的SO_2、NO_x、煙塵和綜合PM_(2.5)分別減排66.38、7.15、24.79和36.96 kg,而采用低溫空氣源熱泵的減排量分別為67.79、9.97、25.35和38.52 kg,但直接電采暖方式的一次能源利用效率(僅為33.7%)極低,因此不適合大面積推廣;京津冀地區(qū)原散燒煤采暖用戶在進(jìn)行低溫空氣源熱泵供暖改造后,其SO_2、NO_x、煙塵和綜合PM_(2.5)年減排量分別為24.47×10~4、3.60×10~4、9.15×10~4和13.91×10~4t,燃煤電廠執(zhí)行"超凈排放"改造后相應(yīng)年減排量分別為1.28×10~4、4.25×10~4、1.30×10~4和2.31×10~4t,其中低溫空氣源熱泵供暖改造后的綜合PM_(2.5)減排量達(dá)到燃煤電廠改造的6.0倍,并且年投資也較燃煤電廠改造低約4×108元.研究顯示,采用低溫空氣源熱泵供暖在污染物減排量、技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性和實(shí)施可行性等方面均具有優(yōu)勢(shì).
[Abstract]:Scattered coal heating is a kind of heating mode with high pollutant emission and low primary energy efficiency. It is urgent to find a new heating method instead of scattered coal heating. On the basis of comparing and evaluating the discharge amount of various main pollutants from scattered coal and electric coal, it is necessary to find a new heating method instead of scattered coal heating. Two alternative schemes of direct electric heating and low temperature air source heat pump are put forward to alleviate air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area. From the strategic point of view of comprehensive emission reduction of regional pollutants, this paper puts forward two schemes of heating retrofit of low temperature air source heat pump for original scattered coal heating users in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area and "super-net emission" transformation of coal-fired power plants. The results show that the emission of pollutants per unit scattered coal is much higher than that of thermal coal. Among them, the emission factors of so _ 2O _ x, smoke dust and integrated PMSP _ (2.5) for scattered coal are 17.12 / 2.80 / kg and 9.80 g / kg, respectively. The emission factors of so _ 2S _ 2O _ x, soot and integrated PMSP _ (2.5) for thermal coal are 0.43g / kg, 0.850.17 and 0.47 g / kg, respectively, and the contribution of scattered coal to the synthesis of PMPM / 2.5 is 20.9 times as much as that of thermal coal. Both direct electric heating and low temperature air source heat pump heating can effectively reduce pollutant emissions. Direct electric heating can reduce the emissions of SO2NOx, soot and PMSP in each household during the heating period by 66.387.157.1524.79 and 36.96 kg, respectively, while the emission reduction by using low-temperature air source heat pump is 67.79 / 9.9725.35 and 38.52 kg, respectively, but the primary energy use efficiency (only 33.733.733.733.733.7kg) of direct electric heating is very low. Therefore, it is not suitable to be popularized in a large area. After reforming the low-temperature air source heat pump heating system, the original scattered coal heating users in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, The annual emission reduction amounts of so _ 2 / no _ x, smoke dust and integrated PMSP are 24.47 脳 10 ~ (4) ~ 3.60 脳 10 ~ (10) C ~ (4) and 13.91 脳 10 ~ (4) t respectively. The corresponding annual emission reductions of coal-fired power plants are 1.28 脳 10 ~ (44.25) 脳 10 ~ (4) and 2.31 脳 10 ~ (4) ~ 4 t respectively, and the emission reduction of the low temperature air source heat pump is up to 2.5) after the retrofitting of "super net emission", the corresponding annual emission reduction is 1.28 脳 10 ~ (44.25) 脳 10 ~ (4) and 2.31 脳 10 ~ (4) t respectively. 6.0 times as much as the power plant, The annual investment is about 4 脳 108 yuan lower than that of coal-fired power plant. The research shows that the use of low-temperature air-source heat pump heating has advantages in pollutant emission reduction, technical economy and feasibility of implementation.
【作者單位】： 熱電生產(chǎn)過(guò)程污染物控制北京市重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室華北電力大學(xué);
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51476053) 中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)基金項(xiàng)目(2015ZZD10) 高等學(xué)校學(xué)科創(chuàng)新引智計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(B12034)
【分類號(hào)】：X82;X823

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