本文選題：生產(chǎn)廢水回用　切入點(diǎn)：濾池反沖洗廢水　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：供水廠生產(chǎn)廢水回用作為解決水資源危機(jī)的有效途徑已得到社會(huì)各界的廣泛認(rèn)同及重視,回用生產(chǎn)廢水具有節(jié)約水資源和減少生產(chǎn)廢水對(duì)環(huán)境的污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但是也存在著擔(dān)憂。由于廢水中含有大量顆粒物、有機(jī)物、重金屬和微生物等,因而在回用時(shí)存在使出廠水水質(zhì)超標(biāo)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。目前,國外在供水廠生產(chǎn)廢水回用領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)頒布了相應(yīng)的規(guī)范,如美國EPA頒布的《濾池反沖洗廢水回用規(guī)則》等。我國直至目前為止仍沒有詳盡的操作細(xì)則指導(dǎo)供水廠生產(chǎn)廢水回用的運(yùn)行管理,然而國內(nèi)新建供水廠都趨向于建有整套生產(chǎn)廢水回用工藝設(shè)施。國內(nèi)對(duì)供水廠生產(chǎn)廢水的水質(zhì)特性及其對(duì)既定生產(chǎn)工藝的影響研究大多停留在小試或是中試規(guī)模階段,判定對(duì)水質(zhì)的影響也只是停留在常規(guī)水質(zhì)指標(biāo)上,缺乏對(duì)有機(jī)物指標(biāo)和遺傳毒性物質(zhì)的富集變化的深入了解。因此,亟需對(duì)生產(chǎn)廢水回用對(duì)水質(zhì)安全性影響進(jìn)行實(shí)際生產(chǎn)研究,并全面分析回用對(duì)水質(zhì)的影響。本課題選取廣東FB供水廠作為研究對(duì)象,該供水廠生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的各種廢水均回流到處理流程中,基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了生產(chǎn)廢水“零”排放。該供水廠生產(chǎn)廢水回用工藝采用的是排水池、排泥池、污泥濃縮池及污泥脫水機(jī)等單元,將沉淀池排泥水經(jīng)濃縮處理后上清液與濾池反沖洗廢水混合直接回用到原水管道中與原水混合后進(jìn)入水處理流程中,這種回用模式是目前國內(nèi)新建水廠最為廣泛采用的模式。通過對(duì)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行進(jìn)行周期內(nèi)、長周期和全年監(jiān)測(cè)回用反沖洗廢水和混合生產(chǎn)廢水對(duì)流程水常規(guī)指標(biāo)、金屬指標(biāo)、消毒副產(chǎn)物指標(biāo)和特殊指標(biāo)(丙烯酰胺)等的影響,并引入生物測(cè)試技術(shù)手段,分別從基因、DNA、染色體和生殖細(xì)胞等層面進(jìn)行Ames試驗(yàn)、SOS/umu試驗(yàn)、CHO-K1微核試驗(yàn)、小鼠骨髓嗜多染紅細(xì)胞微核試驗(yàn)和小鼠精子畸形試驗(yàn),以研究回用反沖洗廢水和混合生產(chǎn)廢水是對(duì)流程水的遺傳毒性物質(zhì)含量的影響。主要研究成果和結(jié)論如下:生產(chǎn)廢水的儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間會(huì)影響到廢水中顆粒物釋放Mn離子到上清液中,釋放速度與放置時(shí)間呈正相關(guān),與DO呈負(fù)相關(guān)。生產(chǎn)廢水靜置后開啟回用時(shí),在回流初期回流水和混合水中的顆粒物和懸浮物會(huì)急劇增加,但會(huì)隨著回流的進(jìn)行趨于平穩(wěn)。因此,對(duì)于直接回用反沖洗廢水或混合生產(chǎn)廢水的供水廠,應(yīng)保持排水池中的生產(chǎn)廢水處于被攪拌狀態(tài),以減少反沖洗廢水或混合生產(chǎn)廢水釋放重金屬M(fèi)n離子到上清液中降低出廠水Mn超標(biāo)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和減小回流水中污染物對(duì)水處理工藝的沖擊負(fù)荷�；赜梅礇_洗廢水和混合生產(chǎn)廢水到原水管道中時(shí),會(huì)的提高混合水中的濁度、TS、NH3-N、UV254、CODMn、DOC、Al、Mn和Cd的含量,但對(duì)混合水中丙烯酰胺、TTHMs和TTHMFPs的含量無影響。通過對(duì)沉后水和濾后水的這些常規(guī)水質(zhì)指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行T檢驗(yàn)分析,回用反沖洗廢水和混合生產(chǎn)廢水會(huì)增加沉后水和濾后水TS、NH3-N和CODMn濃度(TS:沉后水由159mg/L升高為181mg/L,濾后水由137mg/L升高為166mg/L;NH3-N:沉后水由0.11mg/L升高為0.16mg/L,濾后水由0.06mg/L升高為0.08mg/L;CODMn:沉后水由2.0mg/L升高為2.4mg/L,濾后水由1.6mg/L升高為1.8mg/L),但仍低于《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB5749-2006規(guī)定的上限值,而對(duì)濁度、UV254、DOC、Al、Mn、Cd、丙烯酰胺和TTHMFPs無顯著影響,且回用的廢水種類對(duì)處理工藝沒有顯著差異。不同遺傳學(xué)終點(diǎn)毒理實(shí)驗(yàn)表明回用反沖洗廢水和混合生產(chǎn)廢水會(huì)促進(jìn)濾后水和出廠水中致基因突變、致染色體損傷和致生殖細(xì)胞突變等遺傳毒性物質(zhì)的去除。Ames試驗(yàn)、PCE微核試驗(yàn)和小鼠精子畸形試驗(yàn)表明回用反沖洗廢水和混合生產(chǎn)廢水會(huì)促進(jìn)濾后水和出廠水中致基因突變、致染色體損傷和致生殖細(xì)胞突變等的遺傳毒性物質(zhì)的去除;SOS/umu試驗(yàn)和CHO-K1微核試驗(yàn)表明回用反沖洗廢水和混合生產(chǎn)廢水對(duì)致遺傳度毒性物質(zhì)無顯著性影響。且在以相當(dāng)于成年人正常飲水量(如Ames試驗(yàn)3L/皿、PCE微核和小鼠精子試驗(yàn)10倍成人正常飲用水量)的受試物投予試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物、細(xì)胞及細(xì)菌時(shí),所有水樣和劑量遺傳毒理試驗(yàn)均呈現(xiàn)陰性。從研究的水質(zhì)指標(biāo)和遺傳毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果來看回用反沖洗廢水和混合生產(chǎn)廢水是安全的。
[Abstract]:As an effective way of wastewater reuse to solve water resource crisis of water supply plant has been widely recognized by all sectors of society and attention, reuse of production wastewater has the advantages of saving water resources and reduce the environmental pollution of wastewater, but there are also concerns. Because it contains a lot of particles in wastewater, organic matter, heavy metals and microorganisms therefore, in the reuse of existing risk so that the factory water quality exceed the standard. At present, the foreign in the water supply factory wastewater reuse field has promulgated the corresponding norms, such as the United States EPA issued the "Backwash Wastewater Reuse rules. In our country until now there is no operation management rules for the operation of wastewater reuse guidance the water supply plant in detail, but the domestic new water plants tend to have a complete set of production process of wastewater reuse facilities. The characteristics of quality of domestic water supply plant wastewater and established production Study on influence of process mostly in laboratory or pilot scale stage, to determine the effect on water quality is just to stay in the conventional water quality indicators, in-depth understanding of the lack of enrichment changes on organic matter index and genotoxic substances. Therefore, it is urgent to wastewater reuse the actual production of water quality safety. And a comprehensive analysis to the effect on water quality. This paper selects the Guangdong FB water supply plant as the research object, all kinds of waste water produced in the process of the water supply plant was returned to the processing process, the basic realization of the "zero discharge of wastewater. The wastewater reuse process using the water supply factory production is the drainage pond, row mud tank, sludge thickening tank and sludge dewatering machine unit, the sedimentation tank sludge concentrated supernatant after processing and filter backwash water mixed into raw water reuse in pipeline and the raw water after mixing at In the process, the reuse mode is currently the new water plant is the most widely adopted model. Through the operation of the actual production cycle, with backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater from the production of conventional indicators, indicators of water flow back to the long period and metal annual monitoring, disinfection by-products index and specific index (acrylamide) etc. the influence of means and the introduction of biological testing technology, separately from the gene, DNA, chromosome and germ cell level Ames SOS/umu test, CHO-K1 test, micronucleus test, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test, with backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater is the influence of content of genotoxic substances convection the process of water research. The main research results and conclusions are as follows: the wastewater storage time will affect the water particles in the release of Mn ions into the supernatant, release speed and placement Time correlated positively and negatively correlated with DO. The production wastewater after standing open reuse, particulate matter and suspended solids water and mixed water back in the early return will increase dramatically, but with the return of stable. Therefore, for direct reuse of backwash water or mixed production waste water plant that should keep production waste water drainage in the pool is stirring, in order to reduce the backwash water or mixed wastewater from the production of heavy metal release Mn ion to the factory water Mn exceed the standard risk and circumfluence water pollutants on water treatment process to reduce the impact load in the supernatant. Reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater to raw water pipeline in when will improve the mixed water turbidity, TS, NH3-N, UV254, CODMn, DOC, Al, Mn and Cd content, but had no effect on mixing of acrylamide in water, the content of TTHMs and TTHMFPs. According to the settled water and filtered water it Some conventional water quality data were analyzed in T test, reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater will increase after heavy water and filtered water TS, NH3-N and CODMn concentration (TS: water after sedimentation was increased by 159mg/L 181mg/L, filtered water increased from 137mg/L to 166mg/L; NH3-N: settled water was increased by 0.11mg/L 0.16mg/L. The filtered water increased from 0.06mg/L to 0.08mg/L; CODMn: settled water was increased by 2.0mg/L 2.4mg/L, filtered water increased from 1.6mg/L to 1.8mg/L), but still lower than the provisions of "sanitary standard for drinking water >GB5749-2006 the upper limit value of turbidity, UV254, DOC, Al, Mn, Cd, no significant effects of acrylamide and TTHMFPs back, and there was no significant difference between the kinds of wastewater treatment process. The toxicological experiments show that different genetic end point reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater will promote the filtered water and finished water caused by gene mutation, chromosome damage and pathogenic germ cell mutation The removal of.Ames test of genotoxic substances, PCE micronucleus test and mouse sperm malformation test show that the reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater will promote the filtered water and finished water caused by gene mutation, genetic removal of toxic substances and pathogenic germ cell chromosome damage induced by mutation of the CHO-K1; SOS/umu test and micronucleus test showed that reuse effect of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater had no effect on genetic degree of toxic substances. And in the amount of water equivalent to normal adults (such as Ames 3L/ PCE test plate, micronucleus and sperm test 10 times adult normal drinking water) of the subjects were administered to experimental animal cells and bacteria, all water samples dose and genetic toxicology experiment showed negative. The water quality index of the experimental results and the genetic toxicity of reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater is safe.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前8條

1 陳有軍;梁再輝;王s，

本文編號(hào)：1616324