本文選題：土地生態(tài)安全　切入點：預(yù)警　出處：《中國科學院研究生院(廣州地球化學研究所)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：土地是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),然而近半個世紀以來,隨著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,工業(yè)化和城市化水平快速提升,人口迅速增加,有限的土地資源已經(jīng)無法滿足人類無限膨脹的需求,大量耕地、林地被轉(zhuǎn)化為建設(shè)用地,土壤污染嚴重,導致一系列土地生態(tài)問題相繼出現(xiàn),嚴重影響了區(qū)域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。土地生態(tài)安全研究作為土地資源可持續(xù)利用研究的重要內(nèi)容,具有重要現(xiàn)實意義。本文以廣東省土地生態(tài)安全問題為研究對象,基于P-S-R模型,從壓力-狀態(tài)-響應(yīng)三方面選取27項指標構(gòu)建廣東省土地生態(tài)安全評價指標體系,從時空二維角度對廣東省土地生態(tài)安全進行評價,運用Matlab9.0軟件,對廣東省未來五年土地生態(tài)安全演變趨勢進行預(yù)測。利用熵權(quán)原理和變異系數(shù)法分析影響廣東省土地生態(tài)安全的時空演變機制,并根據(jù)各主體功能區(qū)的土地生態(tài)安全特點,從主體功能區(qū)劃角度提出調(diào)控土地生態(tài)安全的措施建議,得出了一些主要結(jié)論如下:(1)2000-2012年,廣東省土地生態(tài)安全綜合指數(shù)呈好轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)勢,由“中警”下降到“預(yù)警”狀態(tài),但土地生態(tài)安全綜合指數(shù)十三年間僅增長0.107,土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)仍面臨較大困境。預(yù)測2013-2017年,綜合指數(shù)在0.73左右波動,平穩(wěn)中略有上升,處于輕警良好狀態(tài)。(2)根據(jù)熵權(quán)原理,影響廣東省土地生態(tài)安全歷年波動的因素主要是自然災(zāi)害受災(zāi)面積比重、公路密度、建成區(qū)面積比重、人均土地后備資源、人均GDP、經(jīng)濟密度、農(nóng)民人均純收入、環(huán)保投資占GDP比重、自然保護區(qū)面積比重等指標。(3)2012年廣東省21市土地生態(tài)安全綜合指數(shù)在0.493~0.790之間,各市差距較大,基本呈粵北粵西警情高,珠三角和粵東警情低的格局,其中珠海市土地生態(tài)安全綜合指數(shù)最高,云浮市最低。(4)根據(jù)變異系數(shù),導致廣東省土地生態(tài)安全空間分異的因素主要是經(jīng)濟密度、環(huán)保投資占GDP比重、建成區(qū)面積比重、人口密度、自然災(zāi)害受災(zāi)面積比重、自然保護區(qū)面積比重、人均土地后備資源等指標,這些指標各市差異較大。(5)將2012年廣東省土地生態(tài)安全空間分布格局與主體功能區(qū)劃相結(jié)合,分析不同主體功能區(qū)內(nèi)土地生態(tài)安全狀況及影響因素。結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化開發(fā)區(qū)土地生態(tài)安全綜合指數(shù)整體水平最高,其次是重點開發(fā)區(qū),農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區(qū)最低。優(yōu)化開發(fā)區(qū)“壓力-狀態(tài)-響應(yīng)”水平總體上依次處于“較高水平-低水平-較高水平”,重點開發(fā)區(qū)處于“中等水平-中等水平-高水平”,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區(qū)處于“低水平-高水平-中等水平”;重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)處于“高水平-較高水平-低水平”。各區(qū)內(nèi)影響土地生態(tài)安全水平的因素各不相同。(6)從主體功能區(qū)角度調(diào)控全省土地生態(tài)安全,優(yōu)化開發(fā)區(qū)應(yīng)將實現(xiàn)土地節(jié)約集約利用放在首位;重點開發(fā)區(qū)應(yīng)將提高土地利用效益放在首位;重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)應(yīng)堅持適度開發(fā)、生態(tài)優(yōu)先理念;農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區(qū)應(yīng)將提高土地生產(chǎn)力放在首位。
[Abstract]:Land is the material foundation on which human beings depend for survival and development. However, in the past half century, with the rapid development of economy, industrialization and urbanization, the population has increased rapidly. Limited land resources have been unable to meet the unlimited expansion of human needs, a large number of arable land, forest land has been converted into construction land, serious soil pollution, resulting in a series of land ecological problems have emerged. The study of land ecological security, as an important content of the sustainable use of land resources, has important practical significance. This paper takes the land ecological security problem of Guangdong Province as the research object, based on the P-S-R model. The evaluation index system of land ecological security in Guangdong Province is constructed by selecting 27 indexes from three aspects of pressure-status-response. The land ecological security of Guangdong Province is evaluated from the angle of space and time, and the Matlab9.0 software is used to evaluate the land ecological security of Guangdong province. The evolution trend of land ecological security in Guangdong Province in the next five years is forecasted. The temporal and spatial evolution mechanism of land ecological security in Guangdong Province is analyzed by using entropy weight principle and coefficient of variation method, and according to the characteristics of land ecological security in each main function area. From the angle of main function regionalization, the paper puts forward some measures to control land ecological security, and draws some main conclusions as follows: from 2000 to 2012, the comprehensive index of land ecological security in Guangdong Province showed a trend of improvement, which decreased from "middle police" to "early warning". However, the comprehensive index of land ecological security increased only 0.107 in 13 years, and the land ecosystem is still facing great difficulties. It is predicted that in 2013-2017, the comprehensive index will fluctuate around 0.73, rise slightly, and be in a good state of light warning. The main factors that affect the fluctuation of land ecological security in Guangdong Province over the years are natural disaster area proportion, highway density, area proportion of built-up area, per capita land reserve resources, per capita GDP, economic density, per capita net income of farmers. In 2012, the comprehensive index of land ecological security in 21 cities of Guangdong Province was between 0.493 and 0.790. The gap between the cities was large, which was basically the pattern of high police situation in western Guangdong and low police situation in Pearl River Delta and East Guangdong. Among them, Zhuhai has the highest comprehensive index of land ecological security, and Yunfu is the lowest. According to the coefficient of variation, the main factors leading to the spatial differentiation of land ecological security in Guangdong Province are economic density, the proportion of environmental protection investment in GDP and the proportion of built-up area. Population density, natural disaster area proportion, nature reserve area proportion, per capita land reserve resources, etc. In 2012, the spatial distribution pattern of land ecological security in Guangdong Province was combined with the main function zoning to analyze the status of land ecological security and its influencing factors in different main functional areas. The overall level of land ecological security comprehensive index in the optimized development zones is the highest, followed by the key development zones. The level of "pressure-state-response" in the optimized development zone is in the order of "higher level-lower level-higher level", and the key development zone is "medium level-medium level-high level". The main production areas of agricultural products are in "low level-high level-medium level"; the key ecological functional areas are in "high level-high level-low level". To regulate and control the ecological security of land in the province from the perspective of energy regions, To optimize the development zone, we should put the realization of land saving and intensive utilization first, the key development zone should improve the benefit of land use in the first place, and the key ecological function areas should adhere to the idea of appropriate development and ecological priority. The main produce area of agricultural products should raise land productivity to put first place.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(廣州地球化學研究所)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301.2;X826

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