本文選題：魚類群落　切入點(diǎn)：魚類多樣性　出處：《桂林理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以漓江上游流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū)域,于2013年4月至2014年1月分季度對(duì)漓江上游干流及其4條支流(小溶江、川江、陸洞河和黃柏江)進(jìn)行了4次魚類物種多樣性調(diào)查研究,分析該水域魚類物種組成及其多樣性的時(shí)空變化特征,探討魚類群落組成的時(shí)空分布特征及其與溶解氧、水溫、流速等環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系。本文構(gòu)建漓江上游基于魚類生物完整性評(píng)價(jià)河流健康指標(biāo)體系,為漓江上游流域的魚類資源保護(hù)及河流生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)和管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究成果如下:1.漓江上游共采集魚類標(biāo)本9508尾,經(jīng)鑒定隸屬于淡水魚類4目15科51屬72種,分別為鯉形目、鲇形目、合鰓魚目和鱸形目,其中,鯉形目物種數(shù)最多,為3科45種,占總物種數(shù)的62.50%;鲇形目5科13種,占總物種數(shù)的18.06%;鱸形目6科13種,占總物種數(shù)的18.06%合鰓魚目1科1種,占總物種數(shù)的1.39%。2.在72種魚類中,22種為中國(guó)特有種,1種為廣西特有種:漓江副沙鰍(Parabotia.lijiangensis);2種為易瀕危物種:波紋鱖(Siniperca.undulate)、小口白甲魚(Onychostoma.lini);1種為廣西新紀(jì)錄物種:中華細(xì)鯽(Aphyocypris.chinensis)。優(yōu)勢(shì)種為寬鰭渞(Zacco.platypus)(2544尾)、方氏品唇鰍(Pseudogastromyzon.fangi)(1133尾)和馬口魚(Opsariichthys.bidens)(998尾),以上3個(gè)物種的個(gè)體數(shù)占總個(gè)體數(shù)的49.17%。該水域以溪流魚類為主;底棲魚類最多,占47.22%,其次為中下層魚類,占38.89%;雜食性魚類最多,占總魚類物種數(shù)的37.50%;3.魚類多樣性變化顯著,夏季魚類多樣性(Margalef物種豐富度Dma、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)He'、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)Je)高于春季和冬季,分別為7.59、2.98、0.72,秋季的He'和Je為最低,分別為2.14和0.59;漓江上游干流多樣性高于其他四條支流(小溶江、川江、陸洞河、黃柏江),黃柏江優(yōu)勢(shì)種最明顯(Simpson優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)λ最高),多樣性最低。4.無(wú)度量多維排序(NMDS)顯示,漓江上游魚類群落結(jié)構(gòu)的季節(jié)變化不顯著,而空間變化較大。人類活動(dòng)的干擾包括人類居住、農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)、工程施工對(duì)魚類群落的影響非常明顯。魚類多樣性指數(shù)與環(huán)境因子(溶解氧、水溫、pH、河面寬和平均水深)的關(guān)系密切。魚類物種數(shù)與pH、水溫、河寬、平均水深呈顯著正相關(guān),與溶解氧呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析CCA結(jié)果顯示9個(gè)環(huán)境因子中有8個(gè)環(huán)境因子與魚類群落組成呈顯著相關(guān)性,按其相關(guān)性依次為:海拔、距河口距離、河面寬、水溫、溶解氧、pH、水深和顆粒尺寸,且不同季節(jié)魚類群落組成受不同的環(huán)境因子主導(dǎo)。5.將22個(gè)候選指標(biāo)經(jīng)過(guò)分布范圍、判別能力及相關(guān)性篩選之后,最終確定漓江上游魚類IBI指標(biāo)體系:即魚類總物種數(shù)(M1)、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)(M7)、中下層魚類占總類數(shù)的百分比(M11)、肉食性魚類數(shù)量百分比(M14)、耐受性魚類占總魚類數(shù)的百分比(M22)5個(gè)參數(shù)指標(biāo)。采用1、3、5賦值法計(jì)算各采樣點(diǎn)IBI值,并將河流健康等級(jí)劃分為:“健康(IBI值40)”、“一般(IBI值=27-40)”、“較差(IBI值=13-27)”、“極差(IBI值13)”和“無(wú)魚”5個(gè)等級(jí)。結(jié)果顯示,在漓江上游22個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)中,10個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)為“健康”,8個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)為“一般”,4個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)為“較差”;小溶江、川江、陸洞河大部分河段處于“健康”或“一般”,黃柏江為“較差”。Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示:IBI值與溶解氧含量呈顯著正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin as the research area, from April 2013 to January 2014 quarter of the Lijiang River upstream and 4 tributaries (small Rong Jiang Lu, Sichuan, gudonghe and Huang Baijiang) were the 4 fish species diversity investigation, temporal and spatial analysis of composition and diversity of the fish species, to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics fish community composition and its relationship with dissolved oxygen, water temperature, flow rate and other environmental factors. The construction of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River fish biological integrity of river health assessment based on the index system, and provide scientific basis for the evaluation of fish resources and protection of rivers in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River basin ecological environment quality and management. The research results are as follows: 1. the upper reaches of the Lijiang River fish specimens were collected 9508, after identification of freshwater fish belonging to 4 orders and 15 families 51 genera and 72 species, respectively, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, rice and fish in the order Perciformes, Cypriniformes species The largest number of 3 families and 45 species, accounting for 62.50% of the total species; siluriforms 5 families and 13 species, accounting for 18.06% of the total species of Perciformes; 6 families and 13 species, accounting for 18.06% of the total species of 1 families and 1 species of rice fish, the total species number of 1.39%.2. in 72 kinds of fishes, 22 China species are endemic species, 1 species are endemic to Guangxi: Lijiang loach (Parabotia.lijiangensis); 2 for endangered species: s.undulata (Siniperca.undulate), small white turtle (Onychostoma.lini); 1 for Guangxi new record species: aphyocypris chinensis (Aphyocypris.chinensis). The dominant species were wide fin Qiu (Zacco.platypus (2544) the party's tail), lip loach (Pseudogastromyzon.fangi) products (1133 individuals) and opsariichthys (Opsariichthys.bidens) (998 individuals), the total number of individuals individuals above 3 species of 49.17%. in the waters of the stream fish; benthic fish the most, accounting for 47.22%, followed by the lower level of fish, accounting for 38.89% the most omnivorous fish, The total fish species number 37.50%; 3. changes of fish biodiversity significantly, summer fish diversity (species richness Margalef Dma, Shannon-Wiener He'Pielou diversity index, evenness index, Je) was higher than that in spring and winter, respectively 7.59,2.98,0.72, He' and Je were the lowest in autumn, respectively 2.14 and 0.59 in the upper reaches of Lijiang River; diversity other than four tributaries (small Rong Jiang, Sichuan, Lu gudonghe, Huang Baijiang), the most obvious advantage of Phellodendron River (Simpson dominance index is highest, the lowest diversity lambda).4. non metric multidimensional ranking (NMDS) showed that the seasonal variation of Lijiang River upstream fish community structure was not significant, while the space changes greatly. The disturbance of human activities including human habitation, agricultural activities, influence the construction of fish community is very obvious. The fish diversity index and environmental factors (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, river width and average water depth) are closely related. Fish. Species and pH, water temperature, river width, average water depth was positively correlated, negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen. Canonical correspondence analysis CCA results showed that the 9 environmental factors in 8 environmental factors and fish community composition showed a significant correlation, according to the correlation as follows: elevation, distance from the mouth, the width of the river, the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, water depth and particle size, and different seasonal fish community composition under different environmental factors leading.5. 22 candidate indicators through the distribution range, after screening and correlation discriminant ability, and ultimately determine the upper reaches of the Lijiang River fish IBI index system: the total fish species (M1), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (M7), percentage of the total number of lower class fish (M11), carnivorous fish percentage (M14), the percentage of the total number of fish fish tolerance (M22) of the 5 parameters. The calculation of each sampling point value using IBI 1,3,5 assignment method, and the River Health classification: "Health (IBI 40)", "general (IBI =27-40)", "poor (IBI =13-27)", "poor (IBI 13)" and "fish" 5 levels. The results showed that in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River 22 sampling points, 10 sampling for "health", 8 sampling points for the "general", 4 sampling points were "poor"; small Rong Jiang, river, land of gudonghe River are in most of the "health" or "general", "poor Huang Baijiang".Pearson correlation analysis showed that the IBI value was positively correlated with dissolved oxygen content.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：桂林理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q958.8;X824

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