本文選題：鉛膏　切入點：硫酸鈉　出處：《湘潭大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：鉛酸蓄電池廣泛應(yīng)用在汽車、電動車、摩托車、移動通訊基站、國防裝備等領(lǐng)域,我國每年報廢的鉛蓄電池有3億多只,含鉛300多萬噸,清潔再生廢鉛酸蓄電池是經(jīng)濟社會的客觀需求,電池破碎分選得到的鉛膏預(yù)脫硫是清潔再生蓄電池的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要求對預(yù)脫硫的副產(chǎn)物進行回收,本文針對鉛膏預(yù)脫硫產(chǎn)生的硫酸鈉溶液凈化和結(jié)晶的新方法開展實驗研究。首先,本文針對鉛膏預(yù)脫硫副產(chǎn)物中硫酸鈉回收問題,提出了用乙醇溶析結(jié)晶法回收模擬溶液中的硫酸鈉。論文組建了硫酸鈉結(jié)晶和乙醇回收循環(huán)的實驗系統(tǒng),探討了乙醇加入量,模擬液硫酸鈉的濃度以及結(jié)晶時間這三個因素對乙醇溶析結(jié)晶回收硫酸鈉的影響。實驗結(jié)果表明,乙醇加入的量越大,硫酸鈉晶體析出的越快且析出率越高;模擬液硫酸鈉濃度越高,溶液越接近飽和溶液,在乙醇作用下,很容易析出大量的晶體;而結(jié)晶時間對硫酸鈉晶體析出影響不明顯;這三個因素對此實驗的影響程度大小為:硫酸鈉溶液濃度乙醇加入量結(jié)晶時間。本實驗是在室溫條件下進行的,所得的結(jié)晶產(chǎn)物為十水硫酸鈉。其次,本文針對鉛蓄電池鉛膏預(yù)脫硫副產(chǎn)物硫酸鈉溶液的重金屬凈化問題,分別采用了三種手段來處理Pb2+、Cu2+以及Cd2+重金屬模擬液;第一種是采用活性炭靜態(tài)吸附的方法,研究了活性炭加入量,模擬液重金屬的初始濃度,吸附時間,溫度以及pH值5個因素分別對三種重金屬去除的影響。在最優(yōu)條件下,Pb2+去除率為91.23%,Cu2+去除率為93.25%,Cd2+去除率為62.13%;第二種是建立活性炭固定床,考查了床層高度,進料速率以及重金屬模擬液的初始濃度三個因素對重金屬透過曲線的影響。第三種采用活性炭固定床+樹脂組合工藝吸收重金屬離子,選取的因素與方法二所研究的因素相同。三種方法的凈化能力由強到弱依次為活性炭固定床+樹脂、活性炭固定床、活性炭靜態(tài)吸附。
[Abstract]:Lead-acid batteries are widely used in automobile, electric vehicle, motorcycle, mobile communication base station, national defense equipment, etc. In China, there are more than 300 million lead-acid batteries scrapped each year, containing more than 3 million tons of lead. Clean and regenerated waste lead-acid battery is the objective demand of economy and society. The lead paste pre-desulphurization is the key link of clean regenerative battery, and the by-products of pre-desulphurization are required to be recovered by national industrial policy. In this paper, a new method of purifying and crystallizing sodium sulfate solution produced by lead paste predesulfurization is studied. Firstly, the recovery of sodium sulfate from the by-product of lead paste pre-desulfurization is studied in this paper. The recovery of sodium sulfate from simulated solution by ethanol dissolution crystallization method was proposed. The experimental system of sodium sulfate crystallization and ethanol recovery cycle was set up, and the amount of ethanol added was discussed. The effects of the concentration of sodium sulfate in simulated solution and the crystallization time on the recovery of sodium sulfate from ethanol solution were studied. The experimental results showed that the higher the amount of ethanol was, the faster the crystal precipitation was and the higher the precipitation rate was. The higher the concentration of sodium sulfate in the simulated solution, the closer the solution is to the saturated solution, and under the action of ethanol, a large number of crystals can easily be precipitated, but the crystallization time has no obvious effect on the precipitation of sodium sulfate crystal. The effect of these three factors on this experiment is as follows: the concentration of sodium sulfate solution and the amount of alcohol added crystallization time. This experiment was carried out at room temperature, the crystal product was sodium sulfate decahydrate. In this paper, aiming at the purification of heavy metals in sodium sulfate solution, a by-product of lead-acid pre-desulphurization, three methods were used to treat Pb2 Cu2 and Cd2 heavy metal mimics respectively, the first one was the static adsorption of activated carbon. The amount of activated carbon, the initial concentration of heavy metals in simulated solution and the adsorption time were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of Pb _ 2 was 91.23% Cu _ 2 removal rate was 93.25% and CD _ 2 removal rate was 62.13%. The second was to establish activated carbon fixed bed and check the bed height. The influence of the feed rate and the initial concentration of the heavy metal simulant on the heavy metal permeation curve. The third way is to absorb heavy metal ions by using activated carbon fixed bed resin combination process. The purification ability of the three methods from strong to weak are activated carbon fixed bed resin, activated carbon fixed bed and activated carbon static adsorption.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X705

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王婷婷;;微生物對重金屬的吸附作用及其影響因素[J];生物學教學;2012年11期

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本文編號：1592506