本文選題：大氣　切入點：多環(huán)芳烴　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)是一類具有"致畸、致癌、致突變"效應、高度疏水性的持久性有機污染物(POPs)。大氣中PAHs來源廣泛,生活燃煤、汽車尾氣以及工業(yè)化石燃料燃燒等都會產(chǎn)生大量PAHs。相比其它環(huán)境介質(zhì),大氣中PAHs可以通過呼吸作用或皮膚暴露接觸而進入人體,直接對人群健康造成危害。同時,進入大氣中的PAHs還可經(jīng)由干、濕沉降進入水體或土壤,并通過食物鏈富集間接危害人體健康。研究大氣中PAHs污染特征、解析其污染源,對從根本上控制PAHs排放、防治大氣PAHs污染、保障人群健康具有重要意義。大氣中PAHs主要以氣態(tài)和顆粒態(tài)兩種形式存在,其中,顆粒態(tài)PAHs吸附在大氣顆粒物中,主要以高環(huán)高毒PAHs為主,對人群的健康危害較大。由于近年來,我國霧霾事件頻發(fā),大氣顆粒物濃度"爆表",明晰大氣中總懸浮顆粒物(TSP)與大氣PAHs之間的關系,將為評估霧霾天氣下PAHs對人群健康的影響提供重要基礎依據(jù)。本文在改進大氣中氣態(tài)和顆粒態(tài)PAHs分離檢測方法的基礎上,對南京城東區(qū)內(nèi)采樣點大氣中PAHs進行定期監(jiān)測,研究了大氣中不同形態(tài)PAHs的時間變化規(guī)律,并進行源解析。同時,采集TSP以及采樣點處地表灰塵,分析其PAHs含量,探討大氣中PAHs與TSP濃度以及大氣沉降之間的關系。主要研究結果如下:(1)采用梯度洗脫和雙波長法,系統(tǒng)地優(yōu)化了大氣中16種優(yōu)先控制的氣態(tài)和顆粒態(tài)PAHs的采樣、提取和檢測方法。確定采用大流量采樣儀以100 L/min的流速、每次采樣4 h的采樣量,并利用玻璃纖維濾膜截留收集的方法采集大氣顆粒態(tài)PAHs。將采集到的樣品充分干燥,經(jīng)二氯甲烷超聲萃取,氮氣濃縮近干后,用1ml乙腈定容,過0.22 μm孔徑濾膜,進行HPLC/UV分析。分析結果表明,該方法測定16種PAHs的回收率在50%-110%之間,相對標準偏差小于10%。氣態(tài)PAHs的采集選擇XAD-2多孔有機復合樹脂作為吸附劑,并使用小流量采樣器以1 L/min的流速采集4 h作為采樣量。樣品采集后,置入4℃冰箱內(nèi)避光密封保存?zhèn)溆?提取方法同顆粒態(tài)PAHs提取。結果表明,16種PAHs的回收率在50%-110%之間,大部分高達80%-100%,且相對標準偏差小于9%。(2)研究了南京市城東區(qū)域大氣中PAHs污染特征。通過對南京城東區(qū)域采樣點大氣的定期監(jiān)測,發(fā)現(xiàn)大氣中氣態(tài)和顆粒態(tài)PAHs污染存在一定的季節(jié)性特征。冬季時PAHs污染濃度最高,秋季次之,而春季較低。強致癌物苯并[a]芘的污染特征表明,冬季大氣中高環(huán)高毒PAHs的種類所占比例增大,特別是氣態(tài)PAHs,苯并[a]芘濃度超過了國家限制數(shù)十倍,達到0.6 μg/m3。分析對比氣態(tài)和顆粒態(tài)PAHs的含量可得,大氣中PAHs主要以氣態(tài)存在,其濃度高達10-20 μg/m3左右,而顆粒態(tài)PAHs的濃度多在0.05-0.1 μg/m3左右,低于氣態(tài)兩個數(shù)量級。氣態(tài)和顆粒態(tài)PAHs的環(huán)數(shù)和種類特征表明,氣態(tài)PAHs以低環(huán)種類為主,而顆粒態(tài)PAHs中高環(huán)類所占比較高。利用比值法對大氣PAHs進行源解析,發(fā)現(xiàn)燃煤和汽油燃燒是南京城東大氣中PAHs的最主要污染源,冬季燃煤導致的大氣PAHs污染十分明顯,其它季節(jié)大氣中PAHs的污染以汽油燃燒為主。(3)探討了大氣中PAHs與TSP及地表灰塵之間的相關性。通過定期監(jiān)測,發(fā)現(xiàn)南京城東區(qū)域大氣TSP污染存在一定季節(jié)性,冬季污染水平總體要高于其它季節(jié),但是這種季節(jié)性并不十分明顯,數(shù)據(jù)波動大,在其他季節(jié)也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)TSP濃度較高的情況,這與TSP受短期天氣和人類活動影響較大有關。分析比較大氣中TSP與PAHs的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),TSP與顆粒態(tài)PAHs存在顯著相關性(P0.05).當TSP濃度升高時,顆粒態(tài)PAHs的濃度也會隨之升高。然而,大氣中TSP與氣態(tài)PAHs并無顯著相關性(P0.05)。分析地表灰塵中PAHs,其濃度變化具有明顯地季節(jié)相關性,大小依次為冬季秋季春季.在冬季時,地表灰塵中PAHs的總量明顯增加,且高環(huán)PAHs比例有所上升,主要污染源為煤炭燃燒以及汽油燃燒,這與大氣中PAHs的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律和污染源相似,說明大氣顆粒物是地表灰塵的重要來源。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a kind of "carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic effect, persistent organic pollutants are highly hydrophobic (POPs). PAHs source in the atmosphere of life, coal, automobile exhaust and industrial combustion of fossil fuel will produce a large number of PAHs. compared to other environmental media, the atmosphere can breathe through PAHs effect of skin contact or exposure directly into the human body, causing harm to human health. At the same time, PAHs can enter into the atmosphere through dry wet deposition into water or soil, and enriched through the food chain indirectly harmful to human health. The research of atmospheric PAHs pollution characteristics, analysis of the pollution sources of PAHs emissions from the fundamental control PAHs, the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, it has important significance to protect human health. In the atmosphere of gaseous and particulate PAHs mainly exists in two forms, the particulate PAHs adsorbed on the atmospheric particles, mainly in high ring high Poison PAHs, great harm to people's health. In recent years, China's frequent occurrence of fog and haze, the concentration of atmospheric particulate scale, total suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere is clear (TSP) relationship between PAHs and the atmosphere, for evaluation of haze weather PAHs on human health effects provide an important basis for in this article. The improved detection method based gaseous and particulate PAHs separation in the atmosphere, on the east of Nanjing area sampling PAHs points were monitored regularly in the atmosphere, study on variation of different forms of PAHs in the atmosphere, and analyze the source. At the same time, acquisition and TSP sampling point surface dust, analysis of the content of PAHs to explore the relationship between the settlement of PAHs, and the concentration of TSP and the atmosphere in the atmosphere. The main results are as follows: (1) by using gradient elution and dual wavelength method, system to optimize the atmospheric sampling 16 priority control of gaseous and particulate PAHs , extraction and detection methods. Determined by flow sampling instrument at the rate of 100 L/min, 4 h each sampling sampling, and the use of glass fiber membrane interception method of collection of atmospheric particles collected PAHs. collected samples will fully dry, ultrasonic extraction with dichloromethane, nitrogen concentration nearly dry, with 1ml acetonitrile volume in 0.22, M pore diameter membranes, HPLC/UV analysis. The analysis results show that the recovery of the 16 methods for determination of PAHs ratio between 50%-110%, the relative standard deviation is less than 10%. PAHs XAD-2 acquisition of gaseous organic porous composite resin as adsorbent, and the use of small flow sampler at the rate of 1 L/min and 4 h as sample collection samples were collected. After the placement of 4 DEG C in the refrigerator light sealed with standby, extraction method of particulate PAHs extraction. The results showed that the recovery rate of PAHs 16 in 50%-110%, the majority of up to 80%-100%, and the relative standard The standard deviation is less than 9%. (2) of the PAHs regional air pollution characteristics in Nanjing City East. Through regular monitoring of atmospheric sampling points in Nanjing East region, found in the atmosphere of gaseous and particulate PAHs pollution there are some seasonal characteristics. The highest concentration of PAHs pollution in winter, autumn, spring and show low. The pollution characteristics of strong carcinogen benzo [a] pyrene in ambient air in winter, high ring type high toxic PAHs proportion increases, especially the gaseous PAHs, benzo [a] pyrene concentrations exceeding the national limit of dozens of times, reaching 0.6 g/m3. content analysis of gaseous and particulate PAHs available, mainly in the atmosphere PAHs the form of gas, its concentration is as high as 10-20 g/m3, and particulate PAHs concentrations in 0.05-0.1 g/m3, less than two orders of magnitude. That gaseous gaseous and particulate PAHs ring number and type characteristics of gaseous PAHs with low ring type, and Particulate PAHs high rings accounted for relatively high. To analyze the source of atmospheric PAHs using the ratio method, found that coal and gasoline combustion is the major source of pollution in the atmosphere of Nanjing East PAHs, PAHs air pollution caused by coal in winter is very obvious, other PAHs seasonal air pollution mainly in the combustion of gasoline (3). To investigate the correlation between PAHs and TSP in the atmosphere and surface dust. Through regular monitoring, found east of Nanjing regional atmospheric TSP pollution are seasonal, the overall level of pollution in winter than in other seasons, but this is not very obvious seasonal fluctuations in the data, in the other seasons are often in the higher concentration of TSP, the and TSP was affected by the short-term weather and human activities more relevant. Monitoring data analysis of TSP compared with PAHs in the atmosphere, TSP and particulate PAHs significant correlation (P0.05). When the concentration of TSP increased When the concentration of particulate PAHs also increased. However, no significant correlation between TSP and PAHs gas atmosphere (P0.05). PAHs analysis of surface dust, the concentration has obvious seasonal correlation, followed by the size of autumn winter spring. In winter, the total amount of PAHs in surface dust increased significantly, and high ring PAHs ratio has increased, the main pollution sources for coal combustion and combustion of gasoline, which is similar to seasonal variation and pollution sources of PAHs in the atmosphere, atmospheric particles are an important source of surface dust.

【學位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 王小萍;姚檀棟;叢志遠;燕新梁;康世昌;張勇;;珠穆朗瑪峰地區(qū)土壤和植被中多環(huán)芳烴的含量及海拔梯度分布[J];科學通報;2006年21期

2 Staffan Lundstedt;Paul A.White;Christine L.Lemieux;Krista D.Lynes;Iain B.Lambert;Lars銉berg;Peter Haglund;Mats Tysklind;王麗平;;多環(huán)芳烴污染區(qū)域氧化多環(huán)芳烴的來源、遷移轉化和毒性危害[J];AMBIO-人類環(huán)境雜志;2007年06期

3 ;歐盟2010年正式限用多環(huán)芳烴[J];特種橡膠制品;2008年01期

4 劉廷鳳;陶丹丹;王磊;劉常志;顧陽;丁克強;;公路兩旁土壤中多環(huán)芳烴含量的測定[J];南京工程學院學報(自然科學版);2009年01期

5 于國光;張志恒;葉雪珠;孫彩霞;袁玉偉;楊桂玲;;杭州市郊區(qū)表層土壤中的多環(huán)芳烴[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境學報;2009年03期

6 ;北京大學城市與環(huán)境學院陶澍研究團隊定量分析了我國居民多環(huán)芳烴呼吸暴露風險[J];北京大學學報(自然科學版);2010年01期

7 王振;高云濤;劉曉海;;化工廠土壤多環(huán)芳烴分布特征及評價[J];環(huán)境科學導刊;2010年04期

8 劉增俊;滕應;黃標;李振高;駱永明;;長江三角洲典型地區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤多環(huán)芳烴分布特征與源解析[J];土壤學報;2010年06期

9 于國光;葉雪珠;趙首萍;張永志;張棋;王鋼軍;;杭州市郊區(qū)表層土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的風險分析[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境學報;2011年05期

10 ;布達佩斯城市地區(qū)空氣中的多環(huán)芳烴[J];國外醫(yī)學參考資料(衛(wèi)生學分冊);1977年01期

相關會議論文 前10條

1 于國光;張志恒;葉雪珠;袁玉偉;孫彩霞;楊桂玲;;杭州市郊區(qū)表層土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的風險分析[A];中國環(huán)境科學學會2009年學術年會論文集（第二卷）[C];2009年

2 杭維琦;薛光璞;;南京市環(huán)境空氣中多環(huán)芳烴的污染特征[A];中國環(huán)境保護優(yōu)秀論文集（2005）（下冊）[C];2005年

3 魏垠;高銘徽;郭良宏;;化學發(fā)光免疫分析法測定多環(huán)芳烴及環(huán)境內(nèi)分泌干擾物[A];中國化學會第二十五屆學術年會論文摘要集（上冊）[C];2006年

4 秦寧;朱櫻;徐福留;;白洋淀大氣多環(huán)芳烴的污染特征與沉降通量[A];持久性有機污染物論壇2009暨第四屆持久性有機污染物全國學術研討會論文集[C];2009年

5 陶澍;;從多環(huán)芳烴的排放、遷移與暴露說起[A];新觀點新學說學術沙龍文集9：環(huán)境污染與人體健康[C];2007年

6 馬靜;Yuichi Horii;程金平;王文華;Kurunthachalam Kannan;;電子電器廢棄物拆解地區(qū)中氯代多環(huán)芳烴的研究[A];第五屆全國環(huán)境化學大會摘要集[C];2009年

7 劉金泉;吳明松;王麗;黃君禮;;二氧化氯對多環(huán)芳烴污染物的去除效果[A];二氧化氯研究與應用--2010二氧化氯與水處理技術研討會論文集[C];2010年

8 劉艷;張經(jīng)華;林金明;;多環(huán)芳烴檢測技術研究進展[A];2010中國環(huán)境科學學會學術年會論文集(第四卷)[C];2010年

9 胡健;張國平;劉，

本文編號：1592395