本文選題：工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)再生水利用水量　切入點：水質(zhì)及投融資路徑　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和社會的進步，我國水資源短缺問題日趨嚴峻，北京作為我國的行政和經(jīng)濟中心，水資源尤為短缺。2013年北京市水資源總量為24.81億立方米，按照年末常住人口2114.8萬人計算，人均水資源占有量為117立方米，人多水少是北京的基本市情。水資源總量不足加之人口的逐年增長及工業(yè)的發(fā)展，使北京地區(qū)的用水形勢更加不容樂觀，市域范圍內(nèi)可開發(fā)利用的水資源大部分已經(jīng)被開發(fā)利用，新增水源已相當困難，可見水資源短缺的嚴峻形勢將成為制約北京社會和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要因素。為了應(yīng)對水危機，全世界都在積極探索獲取淡水資源的途徑，目前跨流域調(diào)水、海水淡化、污水回用和雨洪利用都能在一定程度上緩解水資源供需矛盾，特別是污水回用，由于水源就近可得、水量穩(wěn)定、幾乎不受氣候影響的優(yōu)勢，逐漸成為了應(yīng)對水危機的首選方案。 北京市工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)眾多，且一般多為高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)密集的工業(yè)區(qū)，這些產(chǎn)業(yè)存在用水標準嚴、用水量大等特點，但開發(fā)區(qū)每年均存在不同程度的用水缺口，為了緩解北京工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)水資源短缺的困境、保障開發(fā)區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長、促進開發(fā)區(qū)再生水資源的合理配置，明晰北京市工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)再生水利用的模式具有十分重要的意義，可為工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)再生水的發(fā)展提供技術(shù)借鑒，此外本研究也可以為國家有關(guān)部門的再生水利用指南編制、相關(guān)規(guī)范的修訂等提供些許數(shù)據(jù)支撐，為再生水利用技術(shù)在科學(xué)研究、工程技術(shù)及指導(dǎo)應(yīng)用層面的發(fā)展打下一定的基礎(chǔ)。 本文首先通過對北京市工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)工業(yè)企業(yè)性質(zhì)及其用水量需求、水質(zhì)需求進行摸底調(diào)查，摸清工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)各類工業(yè)企業(yè)的用水量規(guī)律和水質(zhì)要求，統(tǒng)計潛在再生水用戶需求，并在用水量規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上，針對不同用戶的用水特點分析并預(yù)測其對再生水的需求量，根據(jù)用戶對再生水的用途把再生水劃分不同的水質(zhì)標準——高品質(zhì)再生水和普通品質(zhì)再生水，隨后，通過對比分析國內(nèi)外工業(yè)再生水用水水質(zhì)標準，給出適合工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)的再生水水質(zhì)標準。 同國外相比，我國在污水再生利用方面的研究及應(yīng)用起步較晚。因此，本文在第三章主要研究探討了工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)再生水利用技術(shù)，分析了膜技術(shù)在工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)再生水利用中的適宜性，并結(jié)合北京市具體再生水廠工程案例對高品質(zhì)再生水生產(chǎn)利用進行了實例分析。在本文研究內(nèi)容的最后，對我國目前水務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)BOT、PPP、PFI等市場化投融資模式進行了研究，并對比分析各投融資路徑的優(yōu)缺點，為再生水利用項目的投融資選擇奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 本文提供的研究思路可供工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)再生水利用項目參考借鑒，即按照再生水用水水量、再生水用水水質(zhì)、再生水利用技術(shù)、項目確立及實施等幾個方面的先后次序，對再生水利用項目展開全方位的、系統(tǒng)化的研究，在此基礎(chǔ)上安排再生水利用項目的建設(shè)，通過研究、分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)： ⑴在再生水水量方面，電子信息及汽車等支柱性企業(yè)是高品質(zhì)再生水的消費大戶，因此在再生水配置時應(yīng)充分考慮大用戶，以滿足其對再生水水質(zhì)、水量的需求，此外建筑容積率在一定程度上影響水量的需求，容積率上升意味著工業(yè)用戶的增加，高品質(zhì)再生水在工業(yè)用水中需求量就會增加，，故容積率對再生水需求量的影響完全不同于常規(guī)城市建設(shè)區(qū)域； ⑵在再生水水質(zhì)方面，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中不同的生產(chǎn)工藝對水質(zhì)的要求是不一樣的，工業(yè)用戶一般需要將自來水進行高級深度處理后方可使用于生產(chǎn)當中，雜用、景觀和一般工業(yè)用戶對再生水水質(zhì)僅要求低品質(zhì)即可，低品質(zhì)再生水水質(zhì)重點強調(diào)人在使用再生水過程中的感官性狀及衛(wèi)生學(xué)方面的要求，而高品質(zhì)再生水與之相比，表現(xiàn)出低濁度、低含鹽量及低硬度等優(yōu)良特性，可媲美自來水水質(zhì)。工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)在再生水配置時應(yīng)根據(jù)用戶的實際情況與經(jīng)濟性相權(quán)衡，以確定再生水的水質(zhì)標準,一般高品質(zhì)再生水也不能直接作為工業(yè)用戶生產(chǎn)用水，節(jié)水的辦法主要是以高品質(zhì)再生水作為工藝生產(chǎn)用水的水源以替代原自來水水源，在此基礎(chǔ)之上對高品質(zhì)再生水進行更高層次的深度處理后再應(yīng)用于工藝生產(chǎn)當中； ⑶在再生水生產(chǎn)技術(shù)方面，對比分析多種再生水生產(chǎn)核心工藝的技術(shù)及經(jīng)濟效能異同，發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的生產(chǎn)工藝均有其適用的場合，比如生物膜法適宜生產(chǎn)低品質(zhì)再生水，“微/超濾+反滲透”雙膜工藝可以生產(chǎn)高品質(zhì)再生水，并且工程實踐證明膜技術(shù)應(yīng)用于工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)的再生水利用是適宜的，但開發(fā)區(qū)內(nèi)再生水生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的選取還應(yīng)綜合考慮再生水水源水質(zhì)特點、再生水用途以及再生水生產(chǎn)工藝的適用性等方面的因素； ⑷在水務(wù)投資機制方面，隨著水務(wù)市場機制的建立與健全，更多的投資方式正逐漸在再生水項目當中得以運用，水務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)投融資的主體中逐漸以追求經(jīng)濟效益為目標的企業(yè)代替政府，水務(wù)項目的投資運營效率與經(jīng)濟效益得以不斷提高，現(xiàn)階段可供水務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)投融資市場化選擇的模式主要有BOT、PPP、PFI等，水務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的投融資模式均有其各自的優(yōu)點及不足之處，對于工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)再生水項目的投融資方式，需根據(jù)項目具體情況靈活應(yīng)用，不能死板地一味選擇同一種投融資模式。 再生水在開發(fā)區(qū)的普遍應(yīng)用以及推廣以實現(xiàn)節(jié)約用水和水資源循環(huán)利用是各界人士的普遍共識和大勢所趨，國家和相關(guān)部門應(yīng)該加大再生水的研究和推廣，提高再生水的公眾認知度，將再生水資源真正納入到工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展范疇，以實現(xiàn)水資源的良性循環(huán)。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the shortage of water resources in China is becoming increasingly serious, Beijing as the administrative and economic center of China's water resources, particularly the shortage of water resources in Beijing city in.2013 total of 2 billion 481 million cubic meters, calculated in accordance with the end of the resident population of 21 million 148 thousand people, who are the amount of water resources is 117 cubic meters, more than water less is the basic situation of Beijing. The insufficient water resources development and industrial growth and the population year by year, the Beijing area water situation more optimistic, the area within the scope of the development and use of water resources have been exploited, new water sources have been quite difficult, the grim situation of visible water shortage will become an important factor restricting Beijing economic and social development. In order to cope with the water crisis, all over the world are actively exploring ways of obtaining fresh water resources, the inter basin water transfer, desalination, wastewater reuse The use and rainwater utilization can alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources to a certain extent. Especially for sewage reuse, because of the availability of water, the water volume is stable, and is hardly affected by the climate. It has gradually become the first choice to deal with the water crisis.
Beijing City Industrial Development Zone, and more generally for the high-tech industrial area intensive industries, these industries are water standards and strict water consumption characteristics, etc., but the zone each year have different degrees of water gap, in order to alleviate the water resources shortage predicament of Beijing Industrial Development Zone, economic growth, security development zone, rational allocation to promote the development of renewable water resources of the region, has a very important meaning of Beijing City Industrial Development Zone, the use of recycled water, provides technical reference for the development of recycled water Industrial Development Zone, this study can also be recycled water with the guidelines for the preparation of the relevant departments of the state, provide some data to support the relevant revision of the specification. For the use of recycled water technology in scientific research, engineering development and guide the application level to lay a certain foundation.
This paper based on the industrial enterprises of Beijing City Industrial Development Zone Properties and water demand, water demand to thoroughly investigate, find out all kinds of industrial enterprises in the Industrial Development Zone, water requirements and water quality of reclaimed water, the statistical potential needs of users, and based on the law of water consumption, water consumption characteristics of different users according to the analysis and forecast of its the reclaimed water demand, according to the user use of reclaimed water to the reclaimed water division of different water quality standards -- high quality reclaimed water and reclaimed water quality in general, then, through the comparative analysis of domestic and foreign industrial standards of reclaimed water for water quality, are suitable for Industrial Development Zone of the reclaimed water quality standards.
Compared with foreign countries, China's sewage recycling research and application of a late start. Therefore, in the third chapter of this paper mainly discussed the Industrial Development Zone, the use of recycled water technology, analyzes the suitability of membrane technology in reclaimed water used in the Industrial Development Zone, and combined with the specific case of reclaimed water project of Beijing city water production and utilization a case analysis on the regeneration of high quality. At the end of this paper, on China's current water industry BOT, PPP, PFI and other market-oriented financing mode are studied, and the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each financing path, lay a theoretical foundation for the choice of investment and financing projects with reclaimed water.
This research provides Industrial Development Zone, the use of recycled water project reference, that is in accordance with the recycled water water, water quality of reclaimed water, recycled water technology, project establishment and implementation and other aspects of the order, the use of recycled water project launched a full, systematic study, on the basis of arrange the use of recycled water project construction, through research, analysis, we found that:
In recycling water, electronic information and other pillar enterprises is the automobile consumer high-quality recycled water, recycled water in the configuration should fully consider the user, to meet the water quality, water demand, in addition the building volume rate in a certain extent impact on water demand, the volume rate means with the increase of industrial users, increase quality of reclaimed water in the industrial water demand will, so the volume effect of demand quantity of reclaimed water is completely different from the conventional city construction area;
In the reclaimed water quality, the different requirements of the production process in the industrial production of water is not the same, industrial users generally need to tap water before it can be used in advanced treatment of advanced production, service, landscape and general industrial users of reclaimed water quality requires only low quality, low quality of reclaimed water key emphasize the sensory properties and health of people in the use of recycled water in the process of requirements, and high quality reclaimed water compared to exhibit low turbidity, low salt content and low hardness and excellent properties, comparable to the water quality of tap water. Industrial Development Zone should be based on the actual situation and the economy of the user's balance in reclaimed water the configuration, to determine the water quality standard of reclaimed water, the general high quality reclaimed water have no direct industrial production water users as water-saving way is mainly to high-quality recycled water as process. The source of water for production is to replace original tap water. On this basis, a high level of advanced treatment of high quality recycled water is applied to process production.
In the production of recycled water technology, comparative analysis of similarities and differences of technology and economic efficiency a variety of recycled water production of the core technology, the production process is found for different occasions, such as the biological membrane method is suitable for the production of low quality reclaimed water, micro / ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane technology can double the production of high-quality recycled water, recycled water conservancy and engineering practice shows that the application of membrane technology in the industrial development zone is suitable, but selected in the development zone of reclaimed water production technology should also consider the reclaimed water quality characteristics, applicability of factors such as use of reclaimed water and reclaimed water production process;
In terms of water investment mechanism, with the establishment and perfect water market mechanism, more investment is gradually in the reclaimed water project to use, the main body of investment and financing of water industry gradually in the pursuit of economic efficiency as the goal of the enterprise instead of the government, the water project investment efficiency and economic benefit can be enhanced, at the present stage for the water industry investment and financing market choice are the main mode of BOT, PPP, PFI, investment and financing mode of the water industry has its own advantages and disadvantages, for the Industrial Development Zone of the reclaimed water project investment and financing, according to the specific circumstances of the project application is flexible, not rigid blindly with a choice the investment and financing mode.
The reclaimed water in the zone of universal application and promotion in order to achieve water conservation and recycling of water resources is the general consensus from all walks of life and represent the general trend, countries and relevant departments should strengthen the research and promotion of the reclaimed water, raise public awareness of reclaimed water and reclaimed water resources into the development of the field of industrial circular economy development zone and in order to achieve a virtuous cycle of water resources.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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