本文選題：地下水系統(tǒng)　切入點(diǎn)：氯代烴　出處：《濟(jì)南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：氯代烴是自然界中廣泛存在且種類繁多的一類有機(jī)物,在工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)的多個(gè)領(lǐng)域,氯代烴都有著非常廣泛的應(yīng)用。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,氯代烴對(duì)環(huán)境造成了難以逆轉(zhuǎn)的污染,比如氯代烴溶劑在使用過(guò)程中的自然揮發(fā)、盛放氯代烴有機(jī)物容器的泄露、工廠含氯代烴廢水的任意排放以及作物噴灑殺蟲(chóng)劑后氯代烴在土壤中的殘留都在一定程度上直接或間接污染了大氣、地下水、地表水和土壤。某市東部地區(qū)是該市主要工業(yè)聚集區(qū),大量冶金、化工、化纖、石油、機(jī)械制造企業(yè)都集中分布在該區(qū)域,年排工業(yè)廢水總量約3600萬(wàn)噸。在該區(qū)域各工廠排放的廢水中含有的大量有機(jī)污染物,這些有機(jī)污染物在污染地表水體的同時(shí)也會(huì)在滲透作用下進(jìn)一步污染地下水系統(tǒng)。研究區(qū)大部分的淺層地下水已經(jīng)受到非常嚴(yán)重的有機(jī)污染,甚至部分深層地下水也受到了污染。據(jù)調(diào)查研究,在研究區(qū)地下水有機(jī)污染中,氯代烴污染尤為嚴(yán)重。通過(guò)總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外地下水氯代烴污染源解析相關(guān)研究,選取多元統(tǒng)計(jì)方法并結(jié)合基于GIS的地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法為污染源解析方法,對(duì)研究區(qū)氯代烴污染源進(jìn)行了定性定量分析,明確了研究區(qū)地下水氯代烴污染源的種類、分布以及貢獻(xiàn)率,在一定程度上可以為研究區(qū)相關(guān)部門(mén)在此區(qū)域開(kāi)展地下水污染的治理工作提供理論依據(jù),并且對(duì)該區(qū)域采取地下水氯代烴污染預(yù)防措施具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。本文主要通過(guò)因子分析(FA)和聚類分析(CA)的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法對(duì)研究區(qū)地下水氯代烴的污染來(lái)源進(jìn)行識(shí)別,明確研究區(qū)地下水氯代烴污染源的種類和數(shù)量,并在此基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用基于GIS的地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法對(duì)污染源的空間分布進(jìn)行分析,最后采用絕對(duì)主成分得分-多元線性回歸方法(PCA-MLR)定量計(jì)算污染源對(duì)污染的具體貢獻(xiàn)率。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:(1)地下水氯代烴污染特征。在研究區(qū)不同區(qū)域采集地下水水樣進(jìn)行氯代烴濃度檢測(cè),運(yùn)用相關(guān)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,根據(jù)所得結(jié)果分析不同氯代烴的檢出情況以及濃度范圍分布。運(yùn)用克里金插值法對(duì)空間數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行插值并繪制出污染物的空間分布圖,分析氯代烴污染物在研究區(qū)內(nèi)的空間分布特征。(2)地下水氯代烴污染源識(shí)別。在明確氯代烴污染特征以及各采樣點(diǎn)污染物濃度的基礎(chǔ)上采用因子分析結(jié)合聚類分析運(yùn)用SPSS軟件對(duì)研究區(qū)氯代烴污染源進(jìn)行定性識(shí)別,確定研究區(qū)地下水氯代烴污染源的數(shù)量和種類。首先運(yùn)用因子分析提取公因子,根據(jù)方差解釋率確定公因子數(shù)量,然后根據(jù)各污染物的因子載荷判斷各公因子包含的氯代烴污染因子。通過(guò)分析每個(gè)公因子中所包含污染因子的特征以及污染因子之間的關(guān)系判斷該公因子的來(lái)源。(3)地下水氯代烴污染源空間分布。計(jì)算公因子因子得分和綜合因子得分,并運(yùn)用基于GIS的地統(tǒng)計(jì)方法對(duì)污染源的空間分布進(jìn)行分析。采用普通克里金法對(duì)已取得的公因子得分和綜合因子得分進(jìn)行插值,利用ArcGis9.3軟件繪制不同污染源以及綜合污染源的空間分布圖,并結(jié)合不同類型污染企業(yè)在研究區(qū)內(nèi)的具體分布,對(duì)污染源與各污染企業(yè)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。(4)地下水氯代烴污染源貢獻(xiàn)率計(jì)算。采用絕對(duì)主成分得分-多元線性回歸方法定量分析污染源對(duì)研究區(qū)地下水氯代烴污染的貢獻(xiàn)率。貢獻(xiàn)率越大說(shuō)明此類污染源對(duì)研究區(qū)氯代烴污染影響越大。首先利用相關(guān)公式計(jì)算公因子的絕對(duì)因子得分,然后以公因子的絕對(duì)因子得分為自變量,以每個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)各污染因子的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)濃度之和為因變量進(jìn)行多元線性回歸計(jì)算,得到每個(gè)污染源對(duì)研究區(qū)地下水總氯代烴污染的貢獻(xiàn)率。以公因子的絕對(duì)因子得分為自變量,分別以每個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)各污染因子的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化濃度為因變量進(jìn)行多元線性回歸計(jì)算,求得每個(gè)污染源對(duì)研究區(qū)每類氯代烴污染物的貢獻(xiàn)率。
[Abstract]:Chlorinated hydrocarbon is a kind of organic matter, and a wide variety of widely exists in nature in many fields of industry, agriculture, chlorinated hydrocarbons have a very wide range of applications. But in practical application, chlorinated hydrocarbons caused irreversible pollution to the environment, such as natural evaporation in the process of using chlorine generation of hydrocarbon solvent, a leaked chlorinated hydrocarbon organic matter containers, plant wastewater with chlorinated hydrocarbon emissions and crop spraying after chlorinated hydrocarbon residue in the soil to a certain extent, directly or indirectly pollute the air, groundwater, surface water and soil. A city in the eastern region of the city is a major industry gathering area a large number of chemical, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, and mechanical manufacturing enterprises are concentrated in the area of industrial wastewater discharging a total of about 36 million tons. A large number of organic pollutants containing wastewater in the area of the factory, the organic pollutants in Surface water pollution will also further pollution of groundwater system in theinfiltration. Most of the research area of shallow groundwater organic pollution has been very serious, and even part of the deep groundwater is contaminated. According to a survey on Groundwater Organic Pollution in the study area was in chlorinated hydrocarbons pollution is particularly serious. Through summarizing the domestic and foreign water related research of chlorinated hydrocarbons in source analysis, selection of multivariate statistical methods and combining geostatistical method based on GIS method for analysis of pollution sources in the study area of chlorinated hydrocarbons in source of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the types of groundwater in the study area of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution sources, distribution and contribution rate, to a certain extent it can provide a theoretical basis for the study area related departments in this area to carry out groundwater pollution control work, and to take the regional groundwater chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution prevention measures. Has certain guiding significance. This paper mainly through factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) to identify sources of pollution of groundwater in the study area of hydrocarbon generation by statistical methods, clear type and quantity of groundwater in the study area of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution sources, and on the basis of analysis using geostatistical method based on GIS the distribution of pollution sources in space, the absolute principal component scores of multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) method for quantitative calculation of specific pollution source of the contribution rate of pollution. The main contents of this paper include: (1) generation of hydrocarbon contamination characteristics of groundwater in the study area. Chlorine in different regions were collected groundwater samples of chlorinated hydrocarbon concentration detection. Use the relevant software for statistical processing of data, according to the results of the detection rate and the concentration distribution of different chlorinated hydrocarbons. The spatial data interpolation by Kriging interpolation method And draw the distribution map of the spatial distribution of pollutants, chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants in the study area. The spatial analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons (2) groundwater pollution source identification. In the clear chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination characteristic and basic pollutant concentration of all samples by using factor analysis and clustering analysis of qualitative identification by using SPSS software to study area of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution sources, determine the number and types of groundwater in the study area of chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination. Firstly, using factor analysis to extract the common factor, according to the variance explained to determine the rate of factor number, and then determine the chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination factor contains the common factors according to the load factor of each pollutant source. The common factor by judgment analysis of the relationship between the characteristics of pollutants contained in each factor and the pollution factor. (3) groundwater chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution source spatial distribution. The calculation of factor score and comprehensive factor for The sub score, and use the distribution of pollution sources of spatial statistical method of GIS based on the analysis using the ordinary Kriging interpolation of common factor score and total score has been made, drawing different pollution sources by using ArcGis9.3 software and spatial integrated pollution source distribution, combined with the specific distribution in the study area. Different types of polluting enterprises, analyzed the relation between pollution source and the polluting enterprises. (4) groundwater chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution contribution rate calculation. The absolute principal component scores of multiple linear regression method for quantitative analysis of pollution sources of groundwater in study area chlorine pollution contribution rate of hydrocarbon generation. The greater the contribution rate of such pollution source in the research area of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the greater impact. The absolute factor score first calculates the factor using the formula, and then to the absolute factor scores of the common factors as independent variables, with each sampling point The standard concentration of various pollution factor and inmultiple linear regression calculation, get the contribution of each pollution source of groundwater in the study area of total chlorine generation hydrocarbon contamination rate. The absolute factor score factors as independent variables, the standard concentration respectively in each sampling point of each factor pollution as the dependent variable in multiple linear regression calculation, to obtain each pollution source in the study area of each type of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution contribution rate.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X523

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