本文選題：勝利原油　切入點：溢油分散劑　出處：《青島理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著海洋石油開采平臺的增多以及海洋運(yùn)輸量的加大,海洋溢油事件頻發(fā),化學(xué)分散劑主要由溶劑和表面活性劑組成,在溢油應(yīng)急處理中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。然而,分散劑本身具有毒性,其作用于石油后形成的乳化液對海洋生物的影響尚不明了。海洋微藻是魚蝦蟹類等海洋動物幼體的優(yōu)質(zhì)植物性餌料,并且具備培養(yǎng)周期短、敏感度高的特點。因此,本文選用三種膠州灣代表性藻類——青島大扁藻、綠色巴夫藻和三角褐指藻,研究了乳化液對三種微藻的急性毒性,并與溢油分散劑和物理分散后形成的原油分散液進(jìn)行了比較。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在原油分散液加入GM-2分散劑后(濃度范圍0~105 mg/L),所形成的乳化液毒性小于分散液的毒性。原油分散液對青島大扁藻、綠色巴夫藻和三角褐指藻的96 h-EC50分別為5.44 mg/L、3.8 mg/L和1.35 mg/L,而原油乳化液對以上三種藻體的96 h-EC50為33.09 mg/L、31.81 mg/L和13.01 mg/L。分散劑對三種藻的96h-EC50值分別是81.20 mg/L、75.46 mg/L和65.80 mg/L。從三種海洋微藻的96 h半數(shù)抑制濃度可以看出,分散液的半數(shù)抑制濃度值遠(yuǎn)低于乳化液和分散劑的半數(shù)抑制值,三者的毒性大小順序為:原油分散液原油乳化液溢油分散劑。(2)三種藻體的敏感性順序為:三角褐指藻綠色巴夫藻青島大扁藻。在分散劑、原油分散液和原油乳化液脅迫下,根據(jù)三種微藻細(xì)胞光密度的96 h-EC50值及葉綠素a的96 h-EC50-chl-a值,得到三種藻體的光密度變化敏感順序是:三角褐指藻綠色巴夫藻青島大扁藻。也就是說三角褐指藻是三種藻體中最敏感的藻體。(3)根據(jù)96 h半數(shù)抑制濃度可知,三種微藻葉綠素a的敏感性均高于藻體光密度的敏感性。同藻體光密度相比,更適于作為及時反映油污染狀況的指標(biāo)。綜上,可知,在石油污染海水中加入分散劑(濃度范圍0~105 mg/L)并不會加大原油的急性毒性,并且三角褐指藻的葉綠素a為三種藻體中最敏感的指標(biāo),更適于評價乳化液、分散液及分散劑的毒性大小。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increase of offshore oil exploitation platform and the increase of ocean transportation, marine oil spills occur frequently. The chemical dispersants are mainly composed of solvents and surfactants, which are widely used in the emergency treatment of oil spills. The dispersant itself is toxic, and its effect on marine life is unclear. Marine microalgae is a good plant feed for marine animals such as fish, shrimp and crab, and has a short culture period. Therefore, three kinds of representative algae in Jiaozhou Bay were selected to study the acute toxicity of emulsion to three kinds of microalgae. Compared with oil spill dispersant and crude oil dispersion formed by physical dispersion, the results show that the toxicity of the emulsion is less than that of the dispersion solution when the crude oil dispersion is added to the GM-2 dispersant (the concentration range is 0 ~ 105mg / L ~ (-1)). Crude oil dispersions to the algae of Tsingtao, The 96h-EC50 of Pav green and Phaeopsis triangularis were 5.44 mg / L 3.8 mg/L and 1.35 mg / L, respectively, while the 96h-EC50 of crude oil emulsion for the three algae was 33.09 mg / L 31.81 mg/L and 13.01 mg / L respectively. The values of 96h-EC50 of dispersant for the three species of algae were 81.20 mg 路L ~ (-1) mg/L and 65.80 mg 路L ~ (-1), respectively, and the values of 96 h-EC50 for the three species of algae were 81.20 mg / L ~ (-1) mg/L and 65.80 mg 路L ~ (-1), respectively. The half inhibitory concentration of microalgae at 96 h can be seen. The half inhibitory concentration of the dispersion is much lower than that of the emulsion and dispersant. The order of toxicity of the three is as follows: crude oil dispersion, crude oil emulsion dispersant, oil spill dispersant.) the sensitivity order of the three algae bodies is: Phaeophyta triangularis green. Under the stress of dispersant, crude oil dispersion and crude oil emulsion, According to the optical density of three kinds of microalgae, 96 h-EC50 and 96 h-EC50-chl-a of chlorophyll a, The sensitive order of light density change of three species of alga was obtained as follows: Phaeophyta triangularis green, Phaeophyta Qingdao, that is to say, the most sensitive alga of the three species of alga.) according to the half inhibitory concentration of 96 h, the order of light density change of the three species of algae was obtained. The sensitivity of chlorophyll a of the three microalgae is higher than that of the light density of the algae, and it is more suitable to reflect the oil pollution in time than the light density of the algae. Adding dispersant (concentration 0 ~ 105mg / L) to oil-polluted seawater does not increase the acute toxicity of crude oil, and chlorophyll a of Phaeopsis triangularis is the most sensitive index of the three algae, so it is more suitable to evaluate emulsion. The toxicity of dispersions and dispersants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X55

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本文編號：1569155