本文選題：沙潁河上游　切入點：非點源污染　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,我國水環(huán)境污染形勢十分嚴峻,隨著點源污染得到逐步地控制,非點源污染已經(jīng)成為水環(huán)境惡化和湖泊富營養(yǎng)化的重要來源。因此,定量化評價非點源污染負荷,對于水生態(tài)環(huán)境保護具有重要意義。本文在淮河流域重要江河湖泊水功能區(qū)水質(zhì)達標評價的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇水質(zhì)達標率最低的沙潁河上游為研究區(qū)域,建立SWAT模型,對沙潁河上游的非點源污染進行時空變化的模擬及其評價,分析該流域的主要污染來源,以期為沙潁河上游非點源污染的控制和管理提供參考依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)建立了沙潁河上游的非點源污染負荷模型。綜合研究區(qū)域地形、土地利用、土壤類型、閘壩調(diào)度等,進行模型的率定及驗證。驗證結(jié)果表明,流量及污染物質(zhì)的實測與計算模擬決定系數(shù)R2、Nash-Suttcliffe系數(shù)Ens和相對誤差Re均達到模型建立的精度要求。(2)模擬評價了沙潁河上游區(qū)域徑流過程和非點源污染負荷。2007年,沙潁河上游周口斷面年徑流量和氨氮年產(chǎn)出總量分別為31.3億m3和108516kg；2008年,沙潁河上游周口斷面年徑流量和氨氮年產(chǎn)出總量分別為19.3億m。和124019kg。2007-2008年沙潁河上游周口斷面氨氮年均產(chǎn)出總量為116267.5kg,其中,來自于非點源的氨氮年均產(chǎn)出總量為5946.6kg,占河道氨氮負荷總量的5.1%,沙潁河上游河道中的氨氮主要來源為上游點源污染排放。(3)模擬了沙潁河上游非點源污染負荷的空間分布。在2007-2008年間,沙潁河上游地區(qū)年均單位面積總氮產(chǎn)出量范圍為5-30 kg/ha。其中,尉氏縣、中牟縣東部、扶溝縣北部、禹州市中部、鄢陵縣中部、扶溝縣東部、襄城縣南部、周口市南部和郾城縣的年均單位面積總氮產(chǎn)出量最高,產(chǎn)出量范圍為25-30 kg/ha;2007-2008年沙潁河上游年均單位面積總磷產(chǎn)出量范圍為0.5-5 kg/ha。其中,許昌市、臨潁縣、鄢陵縣中部、扶溝縣東部、襄城縣西部、周口市南部和郾城縣的年均單位面積總磷產(chǎn)出量最高,產(chǎn)出量范圍為3-5 kg/ha。(4)分析了沙潁河上游非點源污染負荷分布的影響因素。降雨、徑流及土地利用類型對非點源污染負荷的產(chǎn)出影響很大。其中,降雨、徑流與河道氨氮負荷之間有強的正相關(guān)性,降雨和氨氮負荷的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.52,徑流和氨氮負荷的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.74。土地利用類型中,耕地與流域單位面積非點源污染負荷產(chǎn)出量呈明顯的正相關(guān),林地與流域單位面積非點源污染負荷產(chǎn)出量呈負相關(guān),表明人類活動對非點源污染負荷的輸出影響較大。
[Abstract]:At present, the situation of water environment pollution in China is very serious. With the point source pollution being gradually controlled, non-point source pollution has become an important source of water environment deterioration and lake eutrophication. On the basis of evaluating the water quality of the important river and lake water function area in the Huaihe River Basin, this paper selects the upper reaches of Shaying River with the lowest water quality up to the standard as the research area, and establishes the SWAT model. The spatiotemporal variation of non-point source pollution in the upper reaches of Shaying River was simulated and evaluated, and the main pollution sources in the basin were analyzed. In order to provide reference for the control and management of non-point source pollution in the upper reaches of Shaying River, the main conclusions are as follows: 1) the model of non-point source pollution load in the upper reaches of Shaying River is established. The rate determination and verification of the model are carried out. The verification results show that, The runoff process and non-point source pollution load in the upper reaches of Shaying River were simulated and evaluated by the measured and calculated determinant coefficients R2N Nash-Suttcliffe coefficient (Ens) and relative error re (re) in the upper reaches of Shaying River. In 2007, the runoff process and the non-point source pollution load in the upper reaches of Shaying River were evaluated. The annual runoff and ammonia nitrogen output of Zhoukou section in the upper reaches of Shaying River are 3.13 billion m3 and 108516 kg, respectively. The annual runoff and ammonia nitrogen output of Zhoukou section in the upper reaches of Shaying River are 1.93 billion m and 124019 kg 路2007-2008, respectively. The average annual output of ammonia nitrogen in Zhoukou section of the upper reaches of Shaying River is 116267.5 kg. The annual output of ammonia nitrogen from non-point sources is 5946.6 kg, which accounts for 5.1% of the total ammonia nitrogen load. The main source of ammonia nitrogen in the upper reaches of Shaying River is the upstream point source pollution discharge .Y3) the empty load of non-point source pollution in the upper reaches of Shaying River is simulated. Between 2007 and 2008, The average annual total nitrogen output per unit area in the upper reaches of Shaying River is 5-30 kg / ha. among them, Weishi County, Eastern Zhongmu County, North Fugou County, Central Yuzhou City, Central Yanling County, Eastern Fugou County, Southern Xiangcheng County, The annual total nitrogen output per unit area in southern Zhoukou and Yicheng counties is the highest, with the yield range of 25-30 kg / ha per year from 2007 to 2008 in the upper reaches of Shaying River, ranging from 0.5 to 5 kg / ha. among them, Xuchang City, Linying County, Yanling County, Central Yanling County, and East Fugou County, In the west of Xiangcheng County, south of Zhoukou City and Yicheng County, the annual total phosphorus production per unit area is the highest, and the output range is 3-5 kg / ha. 4) the factors influencing the distribution of non-point source pollution load in the upper reaches of Shaying River are analyzed. Runoff and land use type have great influence on the output of non-point source pollution load, among which, there is a strong positive correlation between rainfall, runoff and ammonia nitrogen load. The correlation coefficient between rainfall and ammonia nitrogen load is 0.52, and the correlation coefficient between runoff and ammonia nitrogen load is 0.74. In land use type, there is a significant positive correlation between cultivated land and non-point source pollution load per unit area of watershed. There is a negative correlation between forest land and the output of non-point source pollution load, which indicates that human activities have a great influence on the output of non-point source pollution load.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1561743