本文選題：養(yǎng)殖固廢　切入點：規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖　出處：《河南科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：規(guī)�；俏覈B(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的方向,受到國家政策的鼓勵。養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的規(guī)�；厝粚е吗B(yǎng)殖固廢的集中生產(chǎn),從而影響全國養(yǎng)殖固廢的空間分布特點,對養(yǎng)殖固廢的處理造成困難。為了揭示規(guī)�；l(fā)展對養(yǎng)殖固廢分布及資源化潛力的影響,我們從養(yǎng)殖固廢的分布特點、養(yǎng)殖固廢中N、P、K的分布特點與規(guī)�；年P(guān)系展開分析探討了我國在實行規(guī)�；l(fā)展支持政策后,養(yǎng)殖固廢及其N、P、K的時空分布和變化趨勢,主要結(jié)果如下:(1)我國養(yǎng)殖固廢的生產(chǎn)主要來之于散養(yǎng)戶,其次是專業(yè)戶,規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場的養(yǎng)殖固廢產(chǎn)量并不大。但從增速看,散養(yǎng)戶養(yǎng)殖固廢產(chǎn)量下降很快,其他各種規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖戶與養(yǎng)殖場增速較快。(2)肉牛、豬、羊等大型家畜的養(yǎng)殖固廢產(chǎn)量較大。其中豬的規(guī)�；l(fā)展較快,專業(yè)戶和規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場對全國固廢產(chǎn)量貢獻較大;羊主要以散養(yǎng)戶和專業(yè)戶的貢獻為主,規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場的貢獻幾乎可以忽略。(3)從各省耕地養(yǎng)殖固廢負荷量看,全國有13個省自治區(qū)和直轄市超過最大養(yǎng)殖固廢施用量。其中內(nèi)蒙古、遼寧增速較快;北京、天津、上海、江蘇等地耕地養(yǎng)殖固廢負荷量呈降低趨勢。(4)從規(guī)模化系數(shù)看,北京、上海、河南等省份養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模大,養(yǎng)殖固廢處理壓力大。而養(yǎng)殖固廢生產(chǎn)大省如北三省的規(guī)模化系數(shù)不高,耕地負荷也不高。(5)我國養(yǎng)殖固廢中N的貢獻以羊最高,其次是肉牛和豬,其他畜禽的貢獻不大。從養(yǎng)殖規(guī)�？�,散養(yǎng)戶對N的貢獻下降趨勢明顯,且由之前人口眾多或者經(jīng)濟較發(fā)達的地區(qū)向西南,西北等地發(fā)展;專業(yè)戶所生產(chǎn)的養(yǎng)殖固廢N以東北地區(qū)較多;小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場、中規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場所生產(chǎn)的N主要集中在經(jīng)濟發(fā)達的地區(qū),如河北、浙江等省份;大規(guī)模和超大規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場所生產(chǎn)的N總體上并不多,主要集中在經(jīng)濟發(fā)達的地區(qū)。綜上所述,我國目前養(yǎng)殖固廢主要仍由散養(yǎng)戶貢獻,其次是專業(yè)戶,規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場對我國養(yǎng)殖固廢的貢獻較小,但增速較大,尤其是小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場。養(yǎng)殖固廢中養(yǎng)分的分布與固廢并不一致,這主要是羊?qū)、P、K的貢獻較大。
[Abstract]:Scale is the direction of the development of aquaculture industry in China, and encouraged by the national policy. The scale of aquaculture industry will inevitably lead to concentrated production of solid waste, thus affecting the spatial distribution characteristics of the national aquaculture solid waste. In order to reveal the influence of large-scale development on the distribution and potential of solid waste in culture, we start with the distribution characteristics of solid waste in culture. The relationship between the distribution characteristics and the scale of Nu Pu K in the culture solid waste was analyzed. The spatial and temporal distribution and the change trend of the culture solid waste and its Nu Pu K were discussed after the implementation of the large-scale development support policy in China. The main results are as follows: (1) the production of solid waste from aquaculture in China mainly comes from retail households, followed by specialized households. The production of solid waste in large-scale farms is not large. However, from the point of view of the growth rate, the production of solid waste in cultivation by retail households is declining very quickly. Other large scale farmers and farms increased rapidly. 2) large livestock such as beef cattle, pigs, sheep and other large livestock, such as solid waste production, which pig scale development faster, professional households and large-scale farms to contribute to the national solid waste production; The contribution of sheep is mainly from scattered and specialized households, while the contribution of large-scale farms can be almost ignored.) from the view of the fixed waste load of cultivated land cultivation in various provinces, In China, 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government exceed the maximum amount of solid waste applied in aquaculture. In Inner Mongolia and Liaoning, the growth rate is relatively fast; in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places, the amount of solid waste of cultivated land is in a decreasing trend. In Shanghai, Henan and other provinces, the scale of aquaculture is large and the pressure of solid waste treatment is great. However, the scale coefficient of farming solid waste production is not high, and the load of cultivated land is not high. Secondly, beef cattle and pigs, but other livestock and poultry had little contribution. From the scale of farming, the contribution of individual farmers to N decreased obviously, and developed from areas with large population or more developed economy to southwest, northwest and so on. The N produced by specialized households is more in Northeast China, the N produced by small-scale farms and medium-scale farms is mainly concentrated in economically developed areas, such as Hebei, Zhejiang and other provinces. On the whole, the production of N in large-scale and super-large scale breeding sites is not much, mainly concentrated in economically developed areas. In summary, at present, the solid waste of aquaculture in China is still mainly contributed by individual farmers, followed by specialized households. The contribution of large-scale farms to solid waste is small, but the growth rate is large, especially in small-scale farms. The distribution of nutrients in the solid waste is not consistent with that of solid waste, which is mainly due to the sheep's contribution to NPU K.
【學位授予單位】：河南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X713

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