本文關(guān)鍵詞： 熒光檢測(cè) 水面溢油 激光模擬 濾光片 峰值捕捉　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：二十一世紀(jì)是海洋世紀(jì),海洋的開(kāi)發(fā)利用具有重大意義。要開(kāi)發(fā)利用海洋,首先要保護(hù)海洋,因?yàn)楹Ｑ笫巧膿u籃。隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的海洋油氣資源被開(kāi)發(fā)利用。海洋運(yùn)輸是石油運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕绞?各種油類(lèi)也是海洋運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕獎(jiǎng)恿?lái)源。隨著人類(lèi)海上活動(dòng)范圍的逐漸擴(kuò)大和日益頻繁,海洋油類(lèi)污染已經(jīng)成為了海洋污染的主要來(lái)源之一,影響了海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)海洋溢油事故進(jìn)行及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的處理,就需要對(duì)海面溢油進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),并及時(shí)地通知相關(guān)工作人員溢油地區(qū)的具體位置和氣象信息,以減小事故造成的損失和危害。本文設(shè)計(jì)的非接觸式熒光法海面溢油監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備,采用普通氙燈光源代替激光,以及采用物理方法和軟件方法實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境光的濾除,并基于熒光峰值捕捉原理實(shí)現(xiàn)了海面溢油的有效實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。解決的主要問(wèn)題及相關(guān)技術(shù)有：(1) 分析基于熒光法油類(lèi)檢測(cè)方法,為設(shè)備研制莫定理論基礎(chǔ)首先分析了國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)的溢油檢測(cè)現(xiàn)狀,并比較了各種溢油檢測(cè)方法,最終確定使用熒光法進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。由于基于激光的熒光產(chǎn)生方式和基于光譜儀的熒光檢測(cè)方法不適用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè),提出了本文所述的非激光式熒光激發(fā)和非光譜儀式熒光檢測(cè)方法。(2)搭建發(fā)射接收光路和峰值捕捉電路,解決系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題利用氙光燈和濾光片的組合搭建模擬激光發(fā)射光路,解決了熒光的激發(fā)源問(wèn)題：利用光電倍增管和濾光片的組合,解決了環(huán)境光的初步濾除和熒光的光電轉(zhuǎn)換問(wèn)題；設(shè)計(jì)并搭建了峰值捕捉電路,解決了熒光峰值捕捉問(wèn)題。為設(shè)備的研制奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(3)硬件和軟件相互配合,完成系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)硬件方面以STM32F107作為主控單元,配合超聲波測(cè)距模塊、GPS/GPRS模塊、聲光報(bào)警燈等多種外設(shè)完成水面溢油的監(jiān)測(cè)報(bào)警。軟件方面基于μC/OSⅡ操作系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)了嵌入式下位機(jī)軟件,完成對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的高速處理以及對(duì)硬件的控制。系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)充分考慮到無(wú)人值守、實(shí)時(shí)性、低功耗等要求,能自主獨(dú)立完成水面溢油的監(jiān)測(cè)和報(bào)警。本文解決了水面溢油檢測(cè)中的一些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。利用所設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)備進(jìn)行的大量實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明,所設(shè)計(jì)的溢油監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)能高效實(shí)時(shí)地完成水面溢油的檢測(cè),并能實(shí)現(xiàn)本地和遠(yuǎn)程報(bào)警,可實(shí)現(xiàn)溢油監(jiān)測(cè)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。該設(shè)備可廣泛應(yīng)用于港口、碼頭、石油輸送管道附近等可能出現(xiàn)溢油的區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:21th century is the century of the ocean. The exploitation and utilization of the ocean is of great significance. In order to develop and utilize the ocean, we must first protect the ocean, because the ocean is the cradle of life. With the development of the world economy, More and more marine oil and gas resources are exploited and utilized. Ocean transportation is the main way of oil transportation, and various kinds of oil are also the main power source of ocean transportation. Marine oil pollution has become one of the main sources of marine pollution, which has affected the marine ecological environment. In order to achieve timely and accurate treatment of marine oil spills, it is necessary to monitor oil spills on the sea. In order to reduce the loss and harm caused by the accident, the non-contact fluorescent oil spill monitoring equipment is designed, and the ordinary xenon lamp light source is used instead of the laser, and the relevant staff are informed of the specific location and meteorological information of the oil spill area in time, so as to reduce the loss and harm caused by the accident. Using physical and software methods to realize environmental light filtering, and based on the principle of peak fluorescence capture, the effective real-time monitoring of oil spill on the sea surface is realized. The main problems and related techniques are: 1) Analysis of oil detection method based on fluorescence method, Firstly, the present situation of oil spill detection at home and abroad is analyzed, and various oil spill detection methods are compared. It is determined that fluorescence method is used for detection. Because the fluorescence generation method based on laser and the fluorescence detection method based on spectrometer are not suitable for field detection, In this paper, the non-laser fluorescence excitation and non-spectrometer fluorescence detection method. The key problems in the system design are solved by using the combination of xenon lamp and filter to build a simulated laser emission path, which solves the problem of the excitation source of fluorescence: using the combination of photomultiplier tube and filter, The primary filtering of environmental light and the photoelectric conversion of fluorescence are solved, the peak capture circuit is designed and built, the problem of peak fluorescence capture is solved, and the hardware and software cooperate with each other for the development of the equipment. To complete the hardware design of the system, STM32F107 is used as the main control unit, and the ultrasonic ranging module is combined with the GPS / GPRS module. Acousto-optic alarm lamp and other peripheral devices are used to monitor and alarm oil spill on the surface of water. In software, embedded lower computer software is designed based on 渭 C / OS 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1555096