本文關(guān)鍵詞： 云南湖泊 古湖沼學(xué) 時(shí)空尺度 硅藻 生產(chǎn)力-生物多樣性模式　出處：《云南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)全球變暖的持續(xù)與土地利用等人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的加劇明顯改變了自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能,生物多樣性的保護(hù)面臨著巨大挑戰(zhàn)。湖泊作為特殊的自然綜合體,正在面臨著富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化、工業(yè)污染、水文改造等多種環(huán)境壓力的脅迫,并嚴(yán)重影響了水生生物的群落組成和生物多樣性的分布模式。云南地區(qū)具有豐富的氣候和地貌類(lèi)型,造就了豐富的生物多樣性,是全球生物多樣性研究的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)之一。目前,對(duì)云南生物多樣性的研究主要集中于陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和短期的現(xiàn)代調(diào)查,對(duì)以湖泊為代表的水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生物多樣性長(zhǎng)期變化的模式特征研究不足。因此,急需我們對(duì)云南湖泊生物多樣性的時(shí)空分布格局與主要環(huán)境壓力進(jìn)行識(shí)別,從而為有效的保護(hù)云南湖泊生物多樣性與生態(tài)修復(fù)提供重要的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)與科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文擬通過(guò)古湖沼學(xué)方法和相關(guān)數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,系統(tǒng)識(shí)別云南22個(gè)湖泊硅藻群落和生物多樣的空間分布特征及其主控環(huán)境因子,并通過(guò)撫仙湖與滇池沉積物硅藻記錄揭示湖泊生產(chǎn)力長(zhǎng)期變化驅(qū)動(dòng)生物多樣性變化的時(shí)間格局。研究結(jié)果表明:1)空間尺度上,22個(gè)湖泊硅藻群落的分布主要受到湖泊形態(tài)、水化學(xué)特征和湖泊生產(chǎn)力的驅(qū)動(dòng);近百年來(lái),撫仙湖與滇池硅藻群落的變化主要受湖泊生產(chǎn)力水平的長(zhǎng)期驅(qū)動(dòng)。2)云南湖泊部分硅藻是指示生態(tài)環(huán)境變化的敏感物種,如Cyclotella ocellata是嚴(yán)格意義上的貧營(yíng)養(yǎng)物種,而Nitzschia gracilis可指示水體的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平。3)基于硅藻群落的α和β多樣性指標(biāo),在響應(yīng)湖泊生產(chǎn)力變化的時(shí)空模式上具有高度的一致性;空間尺度上淺水和深水湖泊中呈現(xiàn)一致的單峰模式;而時(shí)間尺度上,不同類(lèi)型湖泊的硅藻多樣性隨著生產(chǎn)力的增加存在兩種不同的響應(yīng)模式;4)不同營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平下,硅藻生物多樣性對(duì)硅藻群落生產(chǎn)力的維持作用存在差異,反映了人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的擾動(dòng)對(duì)生物多樣維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the persistence of global warming and the intensification of human activities, such as land use, have obviously changed the structure and function of natural ecosystems, and the conservation of biodiversity is facing great challenges. It is facing the stress of various environmental pressures, such as eutrophication, industrial pollution, hydrological transformation and so on, and has seriously affected the community composition and biodiversity distribution pattern of aquatic organisms. Yunnan has rich climatic and geomorphologic types. It is one of the hotspots of biodiversity research in the world. At present, the research on biodiversity in Yunnan is mainly focused on terrestrial ecosystems and short-term modern surveys. Therefore, it is urgent for us to identify the spatial and temporal distribution patterns and the main environmental pressures of lake biodiversity in Yunnan Province, because of the lack of research on the model characteristics of long-term changes in aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity, which are represented by lakes. Therefore, this paper provides important basic data and scientific basis for the effective protection of biodiversity and ecological restoration of Yunnan lakes. The spatial distribution characteristics of diatom community and biological diversity in 22 lakes of Yunnan Province and their main controlling environmental factors were systematically identified. Diatoms in Fuxian Lake and Dianchi Lake sediments were recorded to reveal the temporal pattern of long-term changes in lake productivity driving biodiversity changes. The results showed that the distribution of diatom communities in 22 lakes was dominated by lake morphology on the spatial scale of 1: 1. The changes of diatom community in Fuxian Lake and Dianchi Lake were mainly driven by lake productivity level for a long period of time. 2) some diatoms in Yunnan Lake were sensitive species indicating the change of ecological environment. For example, Cyclotella ocellata is a strictly poor nutrient species, and Nitzschia gracilis can indicate the eutrophication level of water body. 3) based on 偽 and 尾 diversity indexes of diatom community, there is a high consistency in the spatio-temporal model of response to the change of lake productivity. On spatial scale, there is a single peak model in shallow water and deep water lakes, but on time scale, there are two different response models for diatom diversity in different types of lakes with increasing productivity. The diversity of diatoms on the maintenance of diatom community productivity is different, reflecting the disturbance of human activities on the regulation of biodiversity to maintain ecosystem functions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X524;X173

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 盧慧斌;陳光杰;陳小林;劉曉東;顧兆炎;張虎才;趙帥營(yíng);陳麗;段立曾;張自強(qiáng);;上行與下行效應(yīng)對(duì)浮游動(dòng)物的長(zhǎng)期影響評(píng)價(jià)——以滇池與撫仙湖沉積物象鼻n，

本文編號(hào)：1541546