本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生物脫氮 亞硝酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化 硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化 群落結(jié)構(gòu) 影響因素　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化的提出使得人們對(duì)厭氧生物脫氮過(guò)程產(chǎn)生了新的認(rèn)識(shí),同時(shí)為低碳氮比、高硫酸鹽廢水的治理找到了新的途徑。但硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化的啟動(dòng)時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)、啟動(dòng)過(guò)程中對(duì)污泥微生物菌群結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化、演替規(guī)律以及運(yùn)行條件的改變對(duì)硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化的影響缺乏認(rèn)識(shí)。本文通過(guò)在UASB反應(yīng)器內(nèi)接種厭氧顆粒污泥,成功啟動(dòng)亞硝酸還原厭氧氨氧化后,再用硫酸鹽作為亞硝酸鹽的替代電子受體來(lái)快速啟動(dòng)硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化。利用PCR-DGGE技術(shù)研究厭氧氨氧化轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程中微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)變化,以此來(lái)探求污泥中微生物的改變與厭氧氨氧化的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。同時(shí)研究了不同運(yùn)行條件對(duì)硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化的影響。論文研究得出如下主要結(jié)果:(1)在上流式反應(yīng)器(有效體積6.3L),接種2.0 L西安市國(guó)維淀粉廠UASB中平均粒徑:1.05mm(粒徑分布:0.55-2.87mm)的厭氧顆粒污泥(SS:31430 mg/L,VSS:22440 mg/L,沉降速度:38.7-76.8m/h)�？刂品磻�(yīng)器的p H=7.6±0.5,HRT=1d,86天后,進(jìn)水NH4+和NO2-濃度分別為80 mg/L和100 mg/L下,反應(yīng)器對(duì)NH4+、NO2-去除率分別為95.2%、98.9%。NO2 和NH4+的去除摩爾比約為1.18:1,建立了亞硝酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化。隨后改變進(jìn)水基質(zhì),逐步以硫酸鹽代替亞硝酸鹽,177d后成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化。進(jìn)水氨氮和硫酸鹽濃度分別為130 mg/L和500 mg/L下,反應(yīng)器對(duì)氨氮和硫酸鹽的去除率分別達(dá)到58.9%和15.7%,對(duì)氨氮和硫酸鹽的去除負(fù)荷為74.3 mg/L·d和77.5 mg/L·d,氮硫損失摩爾比約為2,出水p H值低于進(jìn)水。污泥中細(xì)菌從以球菌為主轉(zhuǎn)變成以短桿菌為主。(2)DGGE分析結(jié)果表明,所富集到的亞硝酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化菌在Gen Bank上命名為Uncultured Candidatus Brocadia sp.clone YLJ-1(KM583866),其與Gen Bank上已公布的Candidatus Brocadia sinica JPN1 genes(AB565477)相似度為100%。而將硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化污泥中優(yōu)勢(shì)菌命名為Uncultured Bacillus sp.clone YLJ-2(KP336392),其與Bacillus benzoevorans 16S r RNA gene(Y14693)的相似度為100%。16S r RNA發(fā)育樹(shù)表明:兩種菌的進(jìn)化距離較遠(yuǎn)、親緣關(guān)系相差很大。(3)在硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化菌的作用下,氨氮和硫酸鹽按反應(yīng)式2 NH4++SO42-→N2+S+4H2O生成氮?dú)夂蛦钨|(zhì)硫。(4)在低負(fù)荷下,進(jìn)水氮硫比越小,越有利于氨氮的去除。當(dāng)水力停留時(shí)間HRT為12h時(shí),氨氮的去除性能達(dá)到最高,其容積負(fù)荷達(dá)到0.06kg N/m3·d。進(jìn)水中添加有機(jī)物的燒杯試驗(yàn)表明,異養(yǎng)型微生物的生長(zhǎng)致使硫酸鹽型厭氧氨氧化受到抑制;在較高COD濃度800-1000mg/L,硫酸鹽的去除主要靠系統(tǒng)中的硫酸鹽還原作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the introduction of sulphate type anaerobic ammonia oxidation has made people have a new understanding of anaerobic biological nitrogen removal process, and it is also low carbon nitrogen ratio. The treatment of high sulphate wastewater has found a new way, but the start-up time of sulphate anaerobic ammonia oxidation is too long, and the dynamic change of microbial community structure of sludge during start-up process. The influence of succession law and operation conditions on the anaerobic ammonia oxidation of sulfate type was not understood. In this paper, the anaerobic granular sludge was inoculated in the UASB reactor, and the nitrite reduction anaerobic ammonia oxidation was successfully started. The sulfate was used as the substitute electron receptor of nitrite to start the sulphate anaerobic ammonia oxidation. The microbial community structure changes during the process of anaerobic ammonia oxidation were studied by PCR-DGGE technique. The effect of different operating conditions on anaerobic ammonia oxidation of sulfate type was studied. The main results of this study were as follows: 1) in upflow reaction. The anaerobic granular sludge (SS: 31430 mg / L), inoculated with 2.0 L UASB of Guowei starch Plant, Xi'an, with an average particle size of 1: 1.05mm (particle size distribution: 0.55-2.87mm), had a settling velocity of 38.7-76.8 mg / L / L, and the settling rate of SS: 22440 mg / L was 7.6 鹵0.5 mg / h, 86 days after controlling the reactor. When the influent concentration of NH4 and NO2- were 80 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively, the removal rate of NH4 and NO2- was 95.2% and 98.9%, respectively. The removal molar ratio of NO2 and NH4 was about 1.18: 1. The nitrite anaerobic ammonia oxidation was established, and the influent substrate was changed. The sulphate anaerobic ammonia oxidation was successfully achieved after the replacement of nitrite with sulphate for 177d. The influent concentration of ammonia nitrogen and sulfate were 130 mg/L and 500 mg/L, respectively. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and sulfate reached 58.9% and 15.7, respectively. The removal load of ammonia nitrogen and sulfate was 74.3 mg/L 路d and 77.5 mg/L 路d, and the molar ratio of nitrogen and sulfur loss was about 2. The pH value of effluent was lower than that of influent. The results of DGGE analysis showed that. The nitrite type anaerobic oxidizing bacteria was named Uncultured Candidatus Brocadia sp.clone YLJ-1 KM583866 on Gen Bank, and its similarity to Candidatus Brocadia sinica JPN1 AB565477 published on Gen Bank was 100. The dominant bacteria in sulphate anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge was named Uncultured Bacillus sp.clone. The similarity between YLJ-2KP336392and Bacillus benzoevorans 16s r RNA gene Y14693) is 100.16s r RNA developmental tree. Under the action of sulfate type anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, ammonia nitrogen and sulfate are 2 NH4 so 4 2-. 鈫扷nder low load, the smaller the influent ratio of nitrogen to sulfur is, the more favorable the removal of ammonia nitrogen is. When the HRT is 12 h, the removal performance of ammonia nitrogen is the highest. The volume load reached 0.06kg N / m3 路d. The experimental results of beaker with organic compounds in the influent showed that the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms inhibited sulfate anaerobic ammonia oxidation. At higher COD concentration of 800-1000 mg / L, sulfate removal mainly depends on sulfate reduction in the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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