本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地下水 水化學(xué)特征 硝酸鹽 因子分析法 土地利用方式　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：耀縣幅位于陜西省銅川市東南部,近些年由于該地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展,對地下水開發(fā)利用程度也日益加大,加之村民飲用水基本以地下水為主,所以研究該地區(qū)地下水的污染情況迫在眉睫。本文通過研究耀縣幅地區(qū)的水文地質(zhì)條件,結(jié)合地質(zhì)地貌形態(tài),先從大體上掌握該地區(qū)地下水的補徑排條件;然后通過水化學(xué)分析,揭示了區(qū)域內(nèi)地下水水中主要離子的變化特征,再根據(jù)水質(zhì)報告對該地區(qū)的地下水進行等級分類,結(jié)合水化學(xué)特征初步判斷造成污染的主導(dǎo)離子是硝酸根。最后運用因子分析法具體研究污染來源,再結(jié)合GIS技術(shù),重點對區(qū)域內(nèi)的硝酸鹽進行污染源解析。得出主要結(jié)論如下:(1)研究區(qū)內(nèi)不同水體水化學(xué)類型主要以HCO3-、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+為主,占所有樣點水化學(xué)類型的52%,其次為HCO3-、Na+和HCO3-、Na+、Mg2+型水,陽離子以Ca2+和Na+為主,陰離子以HCO3-為主。除了含水層巖性等自然作用外,人類活動尤其也是影響地下水水化學(xué)成分的重要因素,在該地區(qū)主要表現(xiàn)為農(nóng)業(yè)活動。(2)根據(jù)各離子的檢測結(jié)果,NO3-是超標最為嚴重的離子,其超標率為22.5%,而NH4+和NO2-基本未檢出。由此可見NO3-為研究區(qū)內(nèi)“三氮”污染的主要污染物。(3)采用因子分析法對Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、PO43-、NO3-、F-共9種離子分析。最終得到三個公因子對方差貢獻率較大,第一公因子為Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-,綜合了自然成分和農(nóng)業(yè)化肥中的主要成分,體現(xiàn)了人類活動對天然地下水質(zhì)的影響;第二公因子為Na+、HCO3-,是天然地下水中的常規(guī)組分,體現(xiàn)了自然作用對地下水水質(zhì)的影響。第三公因子為PO43-,也主要來自農(nóng)業(yè)施肥,體現(xiàn)了人類活動對地下水質(zhì)的影響。(4)做出區(qū)內(nèi)NO3-含量分布與土地利用類型疊加圖,其中土地利用方式主要包括農(nóng)田、城區(qū)、混合用地和未利用土地四種,結(jié)果顯示農(nóng)田的硝酸鹽污染最為嚴重,其次是城區(qū)和混合類型土地。
[Abstract]:The Yaoxian area is located in the southeast of Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province. In recent years, due to the rapid development of social economy in this area, the degree of exploitation and utilization of groundwater has also been increasing day by day. In addition, villagers' drinking water is basically dominated by groundwater. Therefore, it is urgent to study the groundwater pollution in this area. By studying the hydrogeological conditions in Yaoxian area and combining with the geological and geomorphological morphology, this paper first grasps the groundwater recharge and drainage conditions in general; Then, by means of hydrochemical analysis, the variation characteristics of the main ions in the groundwater in the area are revealed, and the groundwater in the area is classified according to the water quality report. Combined with the chemical characteristics of water, it is preliminarily judged that the dominant ion causing pollution is nitrate. Finally, the source of pollution is studied by factor analysis method, and then combined with GIS technology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the main hydrochemical types of different water bodies in the study area are mainly HCO _ 3-Na-Na _ 2 Ca _ 2 + mg _ 2, accounting for 52% of all the water chemical types, followed by HCO _ 3-N _ Na and H _ CO _ 3-Na-Na / mg _ 2 type water. The cations are mainly Ca2 and Na, and the anions are HCO3-. In addition to natural effects such as aquifer lithology, human activities are also important factors affecting the chemical composition of groundwater. In this area, the main manifestation is agricultural activity. (2) according to the results of each ion detection, no 3- is the most serious ion in excess of the standard. The rate of exceeding the standard was 22.5, while NH4 and NO2- were not detected. It can be seen that NO3- is the main pollutant of "three nitrogen" pollution in the study area. The factor analysis method was used to analyze nine kinds of ions of Cl-so _ 42-HCO _ 3-Na ~ (2 +) Ca ~ (2 +) O _ (4-O _ (3) O _ (3) O _ (3) O _ (3) O _ (-) -F-). Finally, the difference contribution rate of each other among the three common factors was obtained. The first common factor is Ca2 mg _ 2Cl-C _ 2SO _ 42-no _ 3-which synthesizes the natural composition and the main components of agricultural fertilizer, which reflects the influence of human activities on the natural underground water quality, and the second common factor is Na _ 2O _ 3, which is a conventional component of natural groundwater. The third common factor is PO43-which mainly comes from agricultural fertilization, which reflects the influence of human activities on groundwater quality. The results showed that the nitrate pollution in farmland was the most serious, followed by urban area and mixed land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P641.3;X523

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