本文關(guān)鍵詞： 突發(fā)污染 改性黃麻 吸附 絡(luò)合 氨基基團(tuán)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在我國重金屬離子突發(fā)性污染事故應(yīng)急處理技術(shù)中,吸附法應(yīng)用最為廣泛,而吸附材料多為顆粒狀,實際應(yīng)用中需裝袋投放,在水流湍急的事故現(xiàn)場會產(chǎn)生很大的流體阻力,會顯著降低處理效率、增大處理難度。黃麻纖維具有高通量、低流阻、易獲取的特點且有較高的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度,在實際應(yīng)用中可不用裝袋直接投放,且易于回收,是一種應(yīng)急處理現(xiàn)場適用性非常好的材料。本文針對目前黃麻纖維材料吸附容量低、拉伸強(qiáng)度差等問題,以黃麻為基體,利用其纖維素上的羥基與環(huán)氧氯丙烷之間的醚化作用和三乙烯四胺的胺化作用,經(jīng)兩步反應(yīng)對黃麻進(jìn)行改性,制備了多胺型黃麻吸附材料。并對該多胺型黃麻吸附材料的制備條件進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化和結(jié)構(gòu)表征。結(jié)果表明,多胺型黃麻吸附材料的最佳制備條件為:黃麻清洗干凈后用沸水煮30 min,15%Na OH浸泡30 min后洗至中性晾干作為預(yù)處理;試劑比例為1 g黃麻:5 m L環(huán)氧氯丙烷:5 m L三乙烯四胺;兩步反應(yīng)的溫度均為90℃;醚化階段反應(yīng)時間為3 h,胺化階段用時1 h。經(jīng)FTIR分析表明有外部基團(tuán)附著在黃麻表面,且保持一定的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。在多胺型黃麻材料吸附性能及機(jī)理研究中,分析了各吸附條件對Cu(II)離子吸附效果的影響。結(jié)果表明,p H在4~6,溫度在10~30℃范圍內(nèi),隨著吸附反應(yīng)溫度升高,改性后黃麻對Cu(II)離子吸附效果有較大幅度提高;且20 min可達(dá)到吸附平衡。改性前黃麻對Cu(II)離子的飽和吸附量僅為7 mg/g,而改性后則提高到120 mg/g,效果非常明顯。對材料的再生結(jié)果表明,硝酸對黃麻有較好的再生效果,可實現(xiàn)材料的重復(fù)利用。并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行了動力學(xué)、熱力學(xué)及機(jī)理探討。在多胺型黃麻材料處理含銅廢水研究中,分析了改性后黃麻對吸附柱型動態(tài)裝置和明渠型動態(tài)裝置吸附效果的影響,結(jié)果表明:Yoon-Nelson模型在較高流速和較高初始濃度條件下擬合效果更好。由材料填充方式分析可知:橫+散的填充方式,不僅可以保持較高的過水通量,還可對水中Cu(II)離子取得較好的去除效果;由明渠型動態(tài)裝置模擬結(jié)果可知:在橫+散這種材料填充方式下,最終水中Cu(II)離子的去除率可達(dá)到90%以上,效果明顯,有很重要的實際應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:In the emergency treatment technology of heavy metal ion sudden pollution accident, the adsorption method is the most widely used, but the adsorption material is mostly granular, so it is necessary to bag and put in the bag in the practical application, which will produce great fluid resistance in the accident scene of the rapid current. The jute fiber has the characteristics of high throughput, low flow resistance, easy to obtain and high mechanical strength. In practical application, it can be put in directly without bagging, and can be easily recovered. This paper aims at the problems of low adsorption capacity and poor tensile strength of jute fiber materials and takes jute as matrix. Jute was modified by two-step reaction by using the etherification of hydroxyl groups on cellulose and epichlorohydrin and the amination of triethylenetetramine. The polyamine-type jute adsorption material was prepared, and the preparation conditions and structure of the polyamine-type jute adsorption material were optimized and characterized. The optimum preparation conditions of polyamine-type jute adsorption materials were as follows: after washing jute, boiling water was boiled for 30 minutes, soaking for 30 min and soaking it for 30 min, then washing it to neutral air as pretreatment, the ratio of reagents was 1 g jute to 5 mL epichlorohydrin: 5 mL triethylenetetramine; The reaction temperature was 90 鈩，

本文編號：1513771