本文關(guān)鍵詞： 洪澤湖 抗生素 檢測(cè)方法優(yōu)化 污染特征 生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),抗生素在環(huán)境中的殘留及其生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)引起了廣泛關(guān)注。國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者已經(jīng)開(kāi)始開(kāi)展全國(guó)包括北京、遼寧、江蘇、廣州、四川等地區(qū)境內(nèi)的各個(gè)水體中抗生素污染特征的研究。洪澤湖作為我國(guó)主要的漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖基地,其必然也受到抗生素的污染,但是目前關(guān)于此區(qū)域的抗生素污染特征與生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)尚不清楚。因此,本文主要研究了淮河入洪澤湖口區(qū)域中典型抗生素:諾氟沙星(NOR)、恩諾沙星(ENR)、氧氟沙星(OFL)、環(huán)丙沙星(CIP)和土霉素(OTC)在豐水期和枯水期的污染特征,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)對(duì)現(xiàn)有高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜檢測(cè)藥物的方法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化:通過(guò)對(duì)錐孔電壓、碰撞能量等質(zhì)譜參數(shù)和液相色譜分離條件的優(yōu)化,建立了能同時(shí)分析水體中5種(諾氟沙星、土霉素、恩諾沙星、氧氟沙星和環(huán)丙沙星)痕量藥物的高靈敏度的檢測(cè)分析方法。選用ORB-AX C18液相色譜柱(4.6mm×150mm×5.0um),色譜柱出峰正常,無(wú)拖尾現(xiàn)象。在優(yōu)化的儀器條件下,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線線性方程均有良好的線性相關(guān)性,并且線性范圍廣,回歸系數(shù)R均達(dá)到0.99以上。(2)淮河入洪澤湖口水體中只檢測(cè)出諾氟沙星(NOR)和恩諾沙星(ENR)兩種抗生素,諾氟沙星(NOR)豐水期檢出濃度14~579ng/L,其中養(yǎng)魚(yú)場(chǎng)濃度為136~579ng/L,枯水期檢出濃度4.9ng/L~60ng/L,其中養(yǎng)魚(yú)場(chǎng)濃度8.5~60 ng/L,恩諾沙星(ENR)只在豐水期檢測(cè)出,且濃度較低為1~10ng/L,說(shuō)明該區(qū)域水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖中大量使用諾氟沙星(NOR)。同時(shí)檢測(cè)了老子山鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠的進(jìn)出水口水樣。檢測(cè)出諾氟沙星(NOR)、恩諾沙星(ENR)、氧氟沙星(OFL)和環(huán)丙沙星(CIP)4種抗生素。傳統(tǒng)污水處理工藝對(duì)高濃度(280ng/L)NOR去除效果極低4%,對(duì)低濃度的NOR(41ng/L)和其他3種(ENR、OFL、CIP)抗生素的去除率均大于77%。對(duì)枯水期底泥進(jìn)行檢測(cè),底泥抗生素分布趨勢(shì)與水體一致。(3)懫用藥物生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估模型與方法(商值法RQs)對(duì)水體中抗生素進(jìn)行生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,在豐水期,養(yǎng)魚(yú)場(chǎng)水體中諾氟沙星(NOR)濃度對(duì)敏感生物存在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn),枯水期養(yǎng)魚(yú)場(chǎng)水體中NOR濃度存在中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。諾氟沙星(NOR)為淮河入洪澤湖口主要抗生素污染物,其主要污染源為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖使用。采用歐盟常用的暴露濃度預(yù)測(cè)模型EMEA模型估算底泥中抗生素濃度,估算出的底泥中各抗生素預(yù)測(cè)濃度是水體中檢出濃度的1000多倍,但遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于實(shí)測(cè)值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the residues of antibiotics in the environment and their ecological risks have attracted extensive attention. Domestic scholars have begun to develop national programs including Beijing, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Guangzhou, Study on the characteristics of antibiotic contamination in various Water bodies in Sichuan and other regions. As the main fishery breeding base in China, Hongze Lake is bound to be polluted by antibiotics. However, the characteristics of antibiotic contamination and ecological risks in this area are not clear. In this paper, the pollution characteristics of typical antibiotics (Norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, OFLL, ciprofloxacin) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in the estuary of Hongze Lake into Huaihe River were studied. The main results are as follows: 1) optimize the existing methods for the detection of drugs by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: optimize the parameters of mass spectrometry such as cone hole voltage, collision energy and separation conditions of liquid chromatography. A high sensitivity method was established for the simultaneous determination of five trace drugs (norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) in water. The ORB-AX C18 liquid chromatographic column was used for the determination of five trace drugs (norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin). Under the optimized instrument condition, the linear equations of the standard curve have good linear correlation, and the linear range is wide. The regression coefficient R was above 0.99.) only two antibiotics, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin) were detected in the estuary of Huai River into Hongze Lake. Norfloxacin (Norfloxacin) was detected at 14579 ng / L during the high water season, in which the fish farm concentration was 136ng / L, 579ng / L, and in the dry season the detectable concentration was 4.9ng / L 60 ng / L, among which the fish farm concentration was 8.5ng / L and the enrofloxacin ENR was only detected in the high water period. The low concentration of Nofloxacin / L was 1 ~ 10 ng / L, indicating that Norfloxacin was widely used in aquaculture in this region. At the same time, the inlet and outlet water samples of Laozi Shan Town sewage treatment Plant were detected. Norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, enrofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin OFLL) and cycloprofloxacin were detected. The removal efficiency of the traditional wastewater treatment process for the high concentration of 280ng / L nor is extremely low, and the removal rate for the low concentration of NORA 41ng / L) and the other three kinds of ENR OFLCIPs are all higher than 770.The sediment in the dry season is detected. The distribution trend of antibiotics in sediment is consistent with that of water body.) the ecological risk assessment model and method (quotient method RQs) are used to evaluate the ecological risk of antibiotics in water body. The concentration of norfloxacin in fish farm water is a high risk to sensitive organisms, and the concentration of NOR in fish farm water during dry season is a moderate risk. Norfloxacin Nor is the main antibiotic pollutant in the mouth of Hongze Lake in Huaihe River. The main source of pollution is aquaculture. The EMEA model is used to estimate the antibiotic concentration in sediment, and the predicted concentration of antibiotics in sediment is more than 1 000 times than that in water. But it is far less than the measured value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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本文編號(hào)：1494874