本文關(guān)鍵詞： 湖泊流域 生態(tài)影響域 生態(tài)文明建設(shè) 場強(qiáng)模型 洱海流域　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國湖泊眾多,湖泊流域污染和生態(tài)退化問題相當(dāng)普遍,迫切需要學(xué)界從不同視角提出有價值的治理參考思路。在“湖泊—流域”復(fù)合系統(tǒng)中,湖泊作為流域的集水中心,生境優(yōu)越,物種豐富,生態(tài)服務(wù)功能較強(qiáng),是流域內(nèi)各類生態(tài)過程的重要起點和生態(tài)功能的外溢基地,對流域生態(tài)環(huán)境具有強(qiáng)烈的輻射和擴(kuò)散效應(yīng)�；诖�,本研究借鑒物理學(xué)概念,綜合考慮湖泊規(guī)模、空間距離、介質(zhì)類型等因素,對傳統(tǒng)場強(qiáng)模型進(jìn)行了合理改進(jìn),構(gòu)建了一個湖泊生態(tài)影響域測度模型。利用該模型對云南洱海流域的4個主要湖泊的生態(tài)影響域進(jìn)行定量測定,并進(jìn)行可視化分級顯示。結(jié)果顯示,流域內(nèi)最大湖泊(洱海)的生態(tài)影響域占流域總面積的比重高達(dá)99.3093%,與其他3個湖泊相比具有壓倒性優(yōu)勢；根據(jù)影響強(qiáng)度(場強(qiáng))大小,將洱海生態(tài)影響域劃分為高、中、低3種類型,在流域總面積中的比重依次為17.27%、22.95%、59.78%。生態(tài)文明建設(shè)是流域綜合治理的重要舉措,根據(jù)影響域空間格局特征制定相應(yīng)的生態(tài)文明建設(shè)分區(qū)實施路徑,非常有利于提高流域生態(tài)治理績效。根據(jù)各區(qū)域自然、人文地理特征,研究認(rèn)為對洱海生態(tài)高影響域而言,應(yīng)將綠色村落、清潔田園、生態(tài)旅游建設(shè)作為緩沖區(qū)建設(shè)的重要抓手,同時應(yīng)將生態(tài)修復(fù)與水土保持作為海東地區(qū)建設(shè)的重要依托；對中影響域而言,應(yīng)提高蒼山水源涵養(yǎng)與水土保持功能,著力構(gòu)建十八溪截蓄凈化帶；對低影響域而言,應(yīng)大力治理農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染,全面調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),推動農(nóng)業(yè)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。相較于洱海,其他3個湖泊影響域面積極小,應(yīng)大力做好湖泊濕地保護(hù)工作,避免濕地被侵占和自然萎縮,著力維護(hù)湖泊與流域的物質(zhì)、能量及功能聯(lián)系通道。本研究為云南洱海流域及全國類似湖泊流域的生態(tài)治理提供了參考依據(jù),同時在一定程度上豐富和發(fā)展了生態(tài)學(xué)、地理學(xué)相關(guān)的理論、技術(shù)與方法體系,因而具有重要的實踐價值和科學(xué)意義。屬性不符
[Abstract]:There are many lakes in China, and the problems of lake basin pollution and ecological degradation are very common. It is urgent for the academic circles to put forward valuable reference ideas from different angles of view in the "lake basin" complex system. As the catchment center of the river basin, lakes have superior habitat, abundant species and strong ecological service function. They are the important starting point of various ecological processes and the spillover base of ecological function in the basin. There are strong radiation and diffusion effects on the ecological environment of the watershed. Based on this, the paper draws lessons from the physical concept and considers the factors such as lake scale, space distance, medium type and so on. Based on the reasonable improvement of the traditional field strength model, a measurement model of the ecological impact domain of lakes was constructed, which was used to quantitatively determine the ecological impact areas of four main lakes in Erhai Lake Basin of Yunnan Province. The results show that the ecological impact area of the largest lake (Erhai Lake) in the basin accounts for 99.3093% of the total area of the basin, which has an overwhelming advantage compared with the other three lakes. According to the influence intensity (field strength), Erhai Lake was divided into three types: high, middle and low, and the proportion in the total area of the basin was 17.272.95%. The construction of ecological civilization is an important measure for the comprehensive management of the watershed. According to the spatial pattern characteristics of the influence region, the corresponding implementation path of the ecological civilization construction zonation is worked out. It is very helpful to improve the performance of watershed ecological management. According to the natural and humanistic geographical characteristics of each region, it is considered that green villages should be cleaned and pastoral areas should be cleaned for the ecological high impact areas of Erhai Lake. Ecotourism construction is an important part of buffer zone construction, and ecological restoration and soil and water conservation should be regarded as the important support of Haidong area construction. For the middle influence area, we should improve the function of water conservation and soil and water conservation in Cangshan Mountain, and construct the 18 River intercepting and purifying zone. For the low impact area, we should make great efforts to control agricultural non-point source pollution, adjust the agricultural industrial structure in an all-round way, and promote the development of agricultural circular economy. Compared with Erhai Lake, the other three lakes have a very small impact area. We should make great efforts to protect lakes and wetlands, avoid encroachment and natural atrophy of wetlands, and strive to maintain the material of lakes and watersheds. This study provides a reference for the ecological management of Erhai Lake Basin in Yunnan and similar lake basins in China, and to some extent enriches and develops the theories of ecology and geography. The system of technology and method has important practical value and scientific significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524

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本文編號：1487517