本文關(guān)鍵詞： 南海 海洋環(huán)境 突發(fā)事件 應(yīng)對(duì)　出處：《廣東海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：南海也稱(chēng)南中國(guó)海,自然海域面積超過(guò)300萬(wàn)km2,位居我國(guó)四大海域之首。隨著南海油氣資源被發(fā)現(xiàn),南海周邊國(guó)家紛紛掠奪式的開(kāi)發(fā)南海資源,造成海上石油勘探開(kāi)發(fā)溢油事件、海上船舶污染事件不斷發(fā)生。此外,港口污染事件、陸源排污、放射性污染事件、大規(guī)模赤潮等海洋災(zāi)害事件也頻繁出現(xiàn)在南海,給南海海洋環(huán)境帶來(lái)災(zāi)難。良好的海洋環(huán)境是我國(guó)與南海周邊國(guó)家未來(lái)生存和發(fā)展的有效保障。我國(guó)和南海周邊國(guó)家應(yīng)該共同承擔(dān)起保護(hù)南海海洋環(huán)境的義務(wù),如何處置南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件是南海沿海各國(guó)共同面臨的一道難題。本文正是在這樣的背景下展開(kāi)研究,以求南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對(duì)的有效方案。本論文主要包括七個(gè)部分:第一部分,緒論。20世紀(jì)60年代,南海主權(quán)爭(zhēng)議愈演愈烈,資源掠奪步伐加快,從而使南海海洋環(huán)境面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),如何有效應(yīng)對(duì)海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件成為一個(gè)急需探討的問(wèn)題,這也是本論文研究的意義所在。論文從理論和實(shí)踐兩個(gè)方面指出研究的意義,系統(tǒng)總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀,點(diǎn)明本論文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)和研究的主要內(nèi)容。第二部分,相關(guān)理論依據(jù)介紹。論文層層深入對(duì)南海海洋環(huán)境應(yīng)急管理進(jìn)行定義,點(diǎn)明其具有公共性、突發(fā)性、危害性、持續(xù)性、擴(kuò)散性等特點(diǎn)。引進(jìn)區(qū)域海洋管理理論、多中心治理理論、危機(jī)管理理論、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理理論,主張打破傳統(tǒng)的行政區(qū)域劃分,加強(qiáng)區(qū)域之間的合作。提出將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理作為整個(gè)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對(duì)的新開(kāi)端,使應(yīng)對(duì)重心從事后應(yīng)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)為事前預(yù)防。第三部分,事件類(lèi)型劃分。根據(jù)誘因的不同,將南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件歸納為以下五種類(lèi)型:海洋石油勘探過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的溢油事件、海上船舶事件、港口污染事件、陸源污染物排污事件、放射性污染事件、大規(guī)模赤潮等海洋災(zāi)害事件。第四部分,總結(jié)應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)狀與應(yīng)對(duì)難點(diǎn)。本文詳細(xì)總結(jié)了我國(guó)在突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對(duì)法律制度、機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、人員素質(zhì)、技術(shù)設(shè)備等方面取得的新突破。從法律、技術(shù)、信息溝通、公眾參與、區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)等方面分析了應(yīng)對(duì)中存在的不足。第五部分,重新設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)對(duì)流程。傳統(tǒng)突發(fā)事件預(yù)防通常是預(yù)警—應(yīng)對(duì)—善后模式,該模式存在“重應(yīng)對(duì),輕預(yù)防”的弊端。針對(duì)這種現(xiàn)狀,本文重新設(shè)計(jì)了應(yīng)對(duì)流程,引入企業(yè)管理中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理理論,將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理作為南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對(duì)的新起點(diǎn),即風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理階段、預(yù)警階段、應(yīng)對(duì)階段、善后管理階段。第六部分,應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)策。在相關(guān)理論的指導(dǎo)下,結(jié)合對(duì)南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的分析,提出完善南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)策建議。第七部分,總結(jié)與展望。總結(jié)本研究在理論、應(yīng)對(duì)流程、應(yīng)對(duì)方案方面的創(chuàng)新之處。同時(shí)也指出了論文研究中存在的不足之處。例如,數(shù)據(jù)需要更新,應(yīng)對(duì)流程是否具有實(shí)用性需要實(shí)踐來(lái)檢驗(yàn)、對(duì)策建議的局限性。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea, also known as the South China Sea, has a natural sea area of more than 3 million km2, ranking first among the four major seas in China. With the discovery of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, the surrounding countries in the South China Sea have exploited the resources of the South China Sea in a predatory manner. In addition, port pollution incidents, land-based pollution incidents, radioactive pollution incidents. Large scale red tide and other marine disasters also occur frequently in the South China Sea. A good marine environment is an effective guarantee for the future survival and development of China and the surrounding countries of the South China Sea. China and the surrounding countries of the South China Sea should jointly assume the obligation to protect the marine environment of the South China Sea. How to deal with marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea is a common problem facing coastal countries in the South China Sea. This paper mainly includes seven parts: the first part, introduction. In 60s, the South China Sea sovereignty dispute intensified, the pace of resource plunder accelerated. In order to make the South China Sea marine environment face severe challenges, how to effectively respond to marine environmental emergencies has become an urgent problem. This is also the significance of this paper. The thesis points out the significance of the research from both theoretical and practical aspects, and systematically summarizes the current research situation at home and abroad. This paper points out the main innovation of this paper and the main contents of the research. The second part, the related theoretical basis. The thesis defines the marine environment emergency management of the South China Sea layer by layer, points out that it has the public, sudden. The paper introduces regional ocean management theory, multi-center governance theory, crisis management theory, risk management theory, and advocates to break the traditional division of administrative regions. Strengthen the cooperation between regions. Put forward the risk management as a new beginning of the whole emergency response, so that the focus of response from post-event to pre-prevention. The third part, the type of events, according to the different incentives. The marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea can be classified into the following five types: oil spills in the process of offshore oil exploration, marine vessel incidents, port pollution events, land-based pollutant emission events, and radioactive pollution events. Large scale red tide and other marine disaster events. Part 4th summarizes the current situation and difficulties. This paper summarizes the legal system institutional setting and personnel quality of emergency response in China in detail. From the aspects of law, technology, information communication, public participation, regional coordination and other aspects of the analysis of the shortcomings of the response. 5th. The traditional emergency prevention is usually forewarning-coping-aftercare mode, which has the disadvantages of "heavy response, light prevention". In view of this situation, this paper redesigned the response process. This paper introduces the theory of risk management in enterprise management, and regards risk management as a new starting point for the response to marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea, that is, risk management stage, early warning stage, response stage, and aftercare management stage. Part 6th. Under the guidance of relevant theories, combined with the analysis of the current situation of response to marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the response to marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea. Part 7th. Summary and prospect. Summarize the innovation of this research in theory, response process, response plan. At the same time, point out the deficiencies in the research. For example, the data need to be updated. Whether the response process is practical or not needs to be tested by practice, and the limitations of countermeasures and suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X55;D63

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