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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 污水灌溉 重金屬 小麥 玉米 健康風險 主成分分析　出處：《河北醫(yī)科大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的:探討污水灌溉、清水灌溉和清水污水混合灌溉對農(nóng)作物重金屬含量的影響;分析和評價石家莊污灌區(qū)小麥玉米中重金屬Cu、Zn、Cr、As、Cd、Pb和Hg的污染程度及對人群健康的風險大小,為減少污水灌溉對農(nóng)作物的污染和進行安全性評價提供科學依據(jù)。方法:1樣品收集以總退水渠兩岸5公里內(nèi)欒城縣的自然村為對象,收集各戶農(nóng)民家小麥和玉米,詢問灌溉水類型并編號。2樣品前處理經(jīng)粉碎機粉碎后,分裝于樣品袋,貼上標簽,備用;小麥和玉米均通過HNO3-HCl O4濕解消化,待測。3樣品測定ICP-MS測定Cu、Zn、Cr、As、Cd和Pb的含量,全自動測Hg儀測定Hg的含量。4樣品分析將農(nóng)作物灌溉方式分為污水灌溉、清水灌溉和清污混灌,應用方差分析評價不同灌溉方式對農(nóng)作物重金屬含量的影響;采用單因子和綜合污染指數(shù)評價法分析小麥玉米重金屬污染程度;借鑒美國國家環(huán)境保護局(USEPA)推薦的風險評價模型評估重金屬的成人和兒童健康風險;并運用主成分分析對灌溉方式進行綜合評價。結(jié)果:1農(nóng)作物重金屬超標率分析小麥中Cr和Pb的超標率為100%,Zn、As和Cd的超標率分別為96.23%、92.59%和24.07%,Cu和Hg未超標;玉米中Cr、Pb、As和Zn的超標率分別為96%、92%、66.67%和12.50%,Cu、Cd和Hg未超標。2不同灌溉方式下小麥和玉米重金屬含量分析污水灌溉的小麥重金屬Zn和Cd的含量高于清污混灌和清水灌溉(P0.05),而不同灌溉方式的其它重金屬Cu、Cr、As、Pb和Hg的含量差異不明顯(P0.05);清水灌溉的玉米重金屬Zn的含量低于清污混灌和污水灌溉(P0.05),其它重金屬的含量差異亦不明顯(P0.05)。3單因子和綜合污染指數(shù)評價小麥單因子污染指數(shù)排序為PbCrZnAsCdCuHg,分別為3.32、2.08、1.61、1.27、0.78、0.71和0.08。玉米排序為PbCrAsZnCdCuHg,指數(shù)分別為2.28、2.14、1.20、0.82、0.38、0.25和0.12。其中,小麥Pb單因子污染指數(shù)大于3,屬重度污染;小麥和玉米綜合污染指數(shù)是2.59和1.54,分別屬中度和輕度污染。4人群健康風險評價成人與兒童日均暴露量均為Zn最大,Cu次之,Hg最小。只有小麥的致癌重金屬Cd和As日均總暴露量為成人大于兒童,其它均為成人小于兒童。致癌重金屬As和Cd健康風險大于其它非致癌重金屬的風險;非致癌風險兒童高于成人,致癌風險則是成人高于兒童,但其風險水平都在最大風險可接受范圍內(nèi)(非致癌:7?10-5;致癌:3.5?10-3)。5灌溉方式的綜合評價不同灌溉方式小麥重金屬污染程度為污水灌溉清污混灌清水灌溉,玉米為清污混灌清水灌溉污水灌溉。結(jié)論:1小麥重金屬污染較玉米嚴重,分別為中度和輕度污染,主要受Cr和Pb污染。2小麥Zn、Cd和玉米Zn含量均為污水灌溉高于清污混灌和清水灌溉。3小麥健康風險高于玉米,As、Cd健康風險高于Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb和Hg,非致癌風險兒童高于成人,致癌風險成人高于兒童。4小麥重金屬污染程度為污水灌溉清污混灌清水灌溉,玉米受影響不明顯。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the effects of sewage irrigation, water irrigation and mixed irrigation with clean water on the heavy metal content of crops. To analyze and evaluate the pollution degree of the heavy metal Cu ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) Cr ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) in wheat and maize in Shijiazhuang sewage irrigation area and the risk to the health of the population. In order to reduce the pollution caused by sewage irrigation and to evaluate the safety of crops, methods: 1 sample was collected from the natural village of Luancheng County within 5 kilometers of the total backwater channel. To collect wheat and corn from farmers, ask about irrigation water type and number .2 sample pretreatment after pulverized by pulverizer, pack it in sample bag, label it, and reserve it; Wheat and maize were digested by HNO3-HCl O _ 4, and the contents of CD and Pb were determined by ICP-MS. The method of crop irrigation was divided into sewage irrigation, clean water irrigation and sewage mixed irrigation. Variance analysis was used to evaluate the effects of different irrigation methods on crop heavy metal content. The degree of heavy metal pollution in wheat and maize was analyzed by single factor and comprehensive pollution index evaluation method. The risk assessment model recommended by USEPA was used to assess the health risks of heavy metals in adults and children. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the irrigation methods. Results the excess rate of heavy metals in wheat was 100%. The exceeding rates of as and CD were 96.23% and 24.07%, respectively. The exceeding rates of CrPbAs and Zn in maize were 960.92and 66.67% and 12.50%, respectively. Analysis of heavy Metals content in Wheat and Maize under different Irrigation modes of CD and Hg the contents of Zn and CD in sewage irrigated wheat were higher than those in sewage mixed irrigation and clean water irrigation (P0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the contents of Pb and Hg in other heavy metals (Cu ~ (2 +) Cr ~ (2 +)) and Hg (P ~ (0.05)) in different irrigation methods. The content of Zn in corn irrigated with clean water was lower than that of mixed irrigation and sewage irrigation (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of other heavy metals in wheat. The order of single factor pollution index of wheat was PbCrZnAsCdCuHg, which was 3.32, respectively. The order of maize is PbCrAsZnCdCuHg, and the index is 2.28 ~ 2.14 ~ 1.20, respectively. The Pb single factor pollution index of wheat is more than 3, which belongs to severe pollution. The comprehensive pollution index of wheat and maize were 2.59 and 1.54, respectively. The health risk assessment of moderate and mild pollution groups was followed by the average daily exposure of Zn to adults and children. Hg was the smallest. The average daily exposure of CD and as in wheat was higher than that in children. The health risks of carcinogenic heavy metals as and CD were higher than those of other non-carcinogenic heavy metals. Non-carcinogenic risk children are higher than adults, carcinogenic risks are higher in adults than children, but their risk levels are within the maximum risk acceptable range (non-carcinogenic: 7? 10-5; carcinogenic 3. 5? Comprehensive Evaluation of 10-3 ~ (5) Irrigation methods the degree of heavy Metal pollution in different Irrigation methods is sewage Irrigation and cleaning mixed Irrigation with clear Water Irrigation. ConclusionThe heavy metal pollution of W1 wheat is more serious than that of maize, which is moderate and light pollution respectively, and is mainly polluted by Cr and Pb. 2 wheat Zn. The contents of CD and Zn in sewage irrigation were higher than those in mixed irrigation and clean water irrigation. 3. The health risk of wheat was higher than that of AsC, CD, Pb and Hg. The degree of heavy metal pollution in non-carcinogenic children was higher than that in adults, and the degree of heavy metal pollution in wheat was polluted by sewage irrigation and mixed irrigation with clean water, and maize was not affected significantly.
【學位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X82

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本文編號：1470894