本文關(guān)鍵詞： 檸檬酸 草酸 酒石酸 腐殖酸 鎘 化學(xué)淋洗修復(fù)　出處：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：利用化學(xué)淋洗劑可以活化和絡(luò)合土壤中的重金屬,達(dá)到減輕土壤重金屬污染的目的。本文選取不同淋洗劑通過(guò)室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)和實(shí)際礦山土壤修復(fù)試驗(yàn)討論了對(duì)土壤鎘污染的淋洗效果以及淋洗后對(duì)土壤中鎘形態(tài)和土壤基本性質(zhì)的影響,探討不同淋洗劑的修復(fù)效果。主要研究結(jié)果分述如下。三種低分子量有機(jī)酸對(duì)鎘的淋洗率均隨著淋洗劑濃度的升高而升高,同一濃度下,檸檬酸對(duì)鎘淋洗率顯著高于草酸與酒石酸(P0.05)。淋洗液不同pH條件下三種低分子有機(jī)酸淋洗液對(duì)鎘的淋洗特征表現(xiàn)為,檸檬酸的鎘淋洗率隨pH的升高先升高后降低；草酸和酒石酸的鎘淋洗率隨pH的升高而降低。當(dāng)pH為7.0時(shí)檸檬酸對(duì)鎘淋洗率分別是草酸和酒石酸的8倍和9倍；與淋洗前相比,淋洗后土壤殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)的鎘所占的比重增加了30%-40%(P0.05)。其中,當(dāng)pH大于7時(shí)經(jīng)草酸和酒石酸淋洗后的土壤殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)鎘所占比重均超過(guò)50%。不同濃度低分子有機(jī)酸淋洗后對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量影響不明顯,但隨著淋洗液pH的升高,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量總體呈減少趨勢(shì)；與淋洗前相比,不同濃度低分子有機(jī)酸淋洗后土壤全氮和全磷含量顯著降低。其中,當(dāng)酒石酸濃度為1%時(shí)淋洗后土壤全氮、全磷和全鉀含量與淋洗前相比分別降低了42%,75%和20%。不同pH低分子有機(jī)酸淋洗液淋洗后對(duì)土壤全氮含量與淋洗前相比顯著降低,但隨著淋洗液pH的升高,土壤全氮含量顯著升高。不同pH檸檬酸淋洗液淋洗后土壤全磷含量變化與淋洗前相比沒有顯著變化(P0.05)。低濃度腐殖酸對(duì)土壤鎘污染具有較突出的清除效果。當(dāng)腐殖酸pH為5.0時(shí)鎘的淋洗率最高。另外,富里酸與氯化鉀組合淋洗劑對(duì)土壤鎘的淋洗效果隨著淋洗時(shí)間的增加表現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)先增加后降低的趨勢(shì)。當(dāng)富里酸濃度為0.05%,淋洗時(shí)間為2小時(shí)時(shí),淋洗率達(dá)到了98.2%。各濃度腐殖酸淋洗后土壤殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)均超過(guò)50%酸性條件下淋洗后土壤鎘主要以可交換態(tài)為主。當(dāng)淋洗時(shí)間為4小時(shí)時(shí),各濃度富里酸與氯化鉀組合淋洗后土壤殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)鎘占總鎘的比重是淋洗前的1.07-1.43倍。不同濃度腐殖淋洗后土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量隨著腐殖酸濃度的增加而增加。另外,隨著腐殖酸淋洗液pH的升高,淋洗后土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量先升高后降低。與淋洗前相比,不同濃度腐殖酸淋洗后土壤全氮和全磷含量顯著降低；不同濃度腐殖酸淋洗前后土壤全鉀與淋洗前相比無(wú)顯著變化。不同pH腐殖酸淋洗后土壤全氮和全磷與淋洗前相比顯著降低(P0.05),但土壤全鉀含量與淋洗前相比沒有顯著變化(P0.05)。富里酸和氯化鉀組合淋洗劑淋洗后土壤全氮和全磷隨著淋洗時(shí)間的增加而顯著降低。然而,組合淋洗劑淋洗后對(duì)土壤全鉀無(wú)明顯影響礦山土壤淋洗修復(fù)試表明,與有機(jī)酸相比,腐殖酸、富里酸與氯化鉀組合淋洗劑的鎘淋洗較高；各淋洗劑淋洗后土壤殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)鎘所占比重占總鎘比重均超過(guò)50%。綜上所述,腐殖酸、富里酸與氯化鉀組合淋洗劑對(duì)礦山土壤鎘污染有較好的淋洗修復(fù)能力。
[Abstract]:The use of chemical leaching heavy metals can be activated and complex in the soil, reduce soil heavy metal pollution. Effects of cadmium in soil morphology and soil basic properties this paper selects different eluent through laboratory simulation test and practical test of mine soil remediation is discussed. The results of leaching of cadmium polluted soil and leaching, to investigate the effect of different repair eluant. The main results are as follows. Three kinds of low molecular weight organic acids on cadmium leaching rate were increased with the eluent concentration, at the same concentration of citric acid on cadmium leaching rate significantly higher than that of oxalic acid and tartaric acid (P0.05). The eluent under different pH conditions of three kinds of low organic acid eluent leaching characteristics of cadmium, cadmium leaching rate of citric acid with the increase of pH first increased and then decreased; oxalic acid and tartaric acid leaching rate of cadmium decreased with rising pH when pH is 7. .0 of citric acid on cadmium leaching rate of oxalic acid and tartaric acid is 8 times and 9 times; compared with before leaching, leaching of soil residual cadmium increased the proportion of 30%-40% (P0.05). Among them, no significant effect on soil organic matter content when pH is larger than 7 by soil cadmium residue oxalic acid and tartaric acid leaching after the proportion of more than 50%. of different concentrations of low molecular organic acid leaching, but with the increase of eluent pH, soil organic matter content decreased; compared with before leaching, different concentrations of low molecular organic acid leaching of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus content decreased significantly. Among them, when the tartaric acid concentration is 1% after leaching of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content and compared before leaching were reduced by 42%, 75% and 20%. different pH low molecular organic acid as eluent after leaching of soil total nitrogen content decreased significantly compared with before leaching, but with the eluent p The increase of H, soil total nitrogen content increased significantly. Different soil pH citric acid as eluent after leaching and leaching of total phosphorus content changes than before did not change significantly (P0.05). Low concentration of humic acid has prominent scavenging effect on cadmium contaminated soil. When humic acid pH 5 CD leaching rate was the highest. In addition, the combination of fulvic acid and potassium chloride leaching agent to soil cadmium leaching effect with leaching time increase showed increased first and then decreased. When the concentration of fulvic acid was 0.05%, leaching time is 2 hours, the leaching rate of 98.2%. in different concentration of humic acid in soil after leaching residue was more than 50% under acidic conditions after leaching of cadmium in soil mainly in the exchangeable form. When the leaching time is 4 hours, the concentration of fulvic acid and potassium chloride combined soil treated with cadmium residue in proportion to the total cadmium is 1.07-1.43 times before leaching. Different concentrations of humic leaching After the content of soil organic matter increased with the increase of humic acid concentration increased. In addition, with the increase of humic acid as eluent pH, soil organic matter content increased first and then decreased. After leaching compared with before leaching, different concentrations of humic acid leaching of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus content decreased significantly; different concentrations of humic acid leaching and soil with potassium before leaching showed no significant change. Different pH humic acid leaching and leaching of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus was significantly lower than before (P0.05), but the content of total potassium in soil and leaching than before (P0.05). There was no significant change in fulvic acid and potassium chloride combined with the eluent after soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus with the increase of leaching time and significantly decreased. However, combined with the eluent of soil total potassium had no obvious effect on mine soil leaching remediation test showed that, compared with the organic acid, humic acid, fulvic acid and potassium chloride leaching agent combination Cadmium leaching is relatively high. After leaching, the proportion of total cadmium in soil residue is more than 50%.. In conclusion, humic acid, fulvic acid and potassium chloride combined leaching agent have good leaching and remediation ability for cadmium pollution in mining soil.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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