本文關鍵詞： 相移 氣溶膠 消光系數(shù) 光譜檢測 大氣測量　出處：《浙江師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：氣溶膠對人類健康、大氣氣候、空氣質量和生態(tài)等有著重大的影響,已經被認為是增加大氣溫室效應最大的“貢獻”者之一。在多種影響氣候變化的影響因子中,氣溶膠的輻射強迫作用是最不確定的。然而氣溶膠輻射強迫對分析大氣的輻射平衡、化學過程、氣候變化等有著重大科學意義。因此氣溶膠輻射強迫測量一直是研究的熱點。隨著氣溶膠輻射強迫對氣候的影響研究的深入發(fā)展,精確測量氣溶膠光學特性參數(shù)顯得尤為重要。氣溶膠光學特性參數(shù)恰恰是氣溶膠氣候模式研究中的關鍵,對于提高氣候模式預報精度有著重要的意義。如氣溶膠消光系數(shù)可作為反映大氣能見度的衡量指標等。同時氣溶膠消光系數(shù)與氣溶膠輻射吸收、散射和單次反照率有著密切關系,因此準確測量氣溶膠消光特性對了解氣溶膠輻射強迫有著的重大科學意義。目前,測量大氣氣溶膠消光特性技術有：激光雷達技術、太陽光度計技術和脈沖腔衰蕩光譜技術等�；诩す饫走_技術測量,可以同時反演出氣溶膠多種光學特性參數(shù),但代價高,不適于常規(guī)測量、系統(tǒng)體積大、背景干擾大等�；谔柟舛扔嫾夹g的測量,操作簡單、系統(tǒng)體積小,但在陰天或下雨天無法正常測量、測量精度低。基于脈沖腔衰蕩光譜技術測量,測量精度高,但所用激光器成本是LED光源成本的幾千倍。為了解決上述測量方法存在的問題,提出本論文研究內容,即基于相移光譜技術測量大氣氣溶膠消光系數(shù)。相移光譜技術具有檢測靈敏度高、光源便宜、有效吸收光程長等優(yōu)點,因此相移光譜技術在實際應用過程中具有更加突出的優(yōu)勢,并且應用十分廣泛,如鏡片反射率測量、微量氣體濃度測量、大氣氣溶膠消光系數(shù)測量等。相移光譜技術是通過測量探測信號與參考信號的相位差來反演氣溶膠消光系數(shù),與光源穩(wěn)定性無關。在本文中,利用一階傳感理論,將光學諧振腔作為一階傳遞系統(tǒng),推導了腔衰蕩光譜技術與相移光譜技術理論。同時理論模擬分析了消光系數(shù)測量技術指標等。進而設計了一個基于相移光譜技術測量大氣氣溶膠消光系數(shù)的系統(tǒng)。首先,將相移系統(tǒng)用對于測量腔鏡反射率。其次將該測量系統(tǒng)用于對光學諧振腔損耗定性測量,同時對該系統(tǒng)進行穩(wěn)定性測量,通過Allan方差分析,相移系統(tǒng)測量消光系數(shù)探測極限大小。最后,將相移系統(tǒng)用于實地大氣氣溶膠消光系數(shù)測量,并分析了消光系數(shù)與PM2.5的相關性。最后對全文進行總結,并提出一些展望。
[Abstract]:Aerosols have a significant impact on human health, atmospheric climate, air quality and ecology. It has been considered one of the biggest contributors to the increase in the atmosphere of Greenhouse Effect. Among the many factors that affect climate change. The radiative forcing of aerosols is the most uncertain. However, aerosol radiative forcing analyses the radiation balance and chemical processes of the atmosphere. Therefore, aerosol radiative forcing measurement has been a hot research topic. With the development of aerosol radiation forcing on climate, the influence of aerosol radiation forcing on climate has been developed. It is very important to accurately measure the aerosol optical properties, which is the key to the study of aerosol climate model. It is of great significance to improve the prediction accuracy of climate model, such as aerosol extinction coefficient, which can be used as a measure index to reflect atmospheric visibility, and aerosol extinction coefficient and aerosol radiation absorption. Scattering is closely related to single albedo, so it is of great scientific significance to accurately measure aerosol extinction characteristics to understand aerosol radiative forcing. The measurement of atmospheric aerosol extinction is based on lidar, solar photometer, pulse cavity ring-down spectroscopy and so on. Aerosol optical parameters can be inversed at the same time, but the cost is high, it is not suitable for conventional measurement, the system volume is large, the background interference is large. The measurement based on the solar photometer technology is simple to operate and the system volume is small. However, it can not be measured normally in cloudy or rainy days, and the measurement accuracy is low. Based on the pulse cavity ring-down spectrum technology, the measurement accuracy is high. However, the cost of the laser is several thousand times that of the LED light source. In order to solve the problems of the above measurement methods, the research content of this paper is put forward. That is to measure the extinction coefficient of atmospheric aerosol based on phase shift spectrum technology which has the advantages of high detection sensitivity cheap light source and long effective absorption path. Therefore, phase shift spectroscopy has more outstanding advantages in practical applications, and is widely used, such as lens reflectivity measurement, trace gas concentration measurement. The phase shift spectrum technique is to measure the phase difference between the detection signal and the reference signal to retrieve the aerosol extinction coefficient, which has nothing to do with the stability of the light source. Using the first order sensing theory, the optical resonator is regarded as the first order transfer system. The theory of cavity ring-down spectroscopy and phase-shift spectroscopy is derived. At the same time, the measurement technical index of extinction coefficient is simulated and analyzed. Furthermore, a system for measuring atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient based on phase-shift spectroscopy is designed. First. The phase-shifting system is used to measure mirror reflectivity. Secondly, the measurement system is used to measure the optical resonator loss qualitatively, and the stability of the system is measured by Allan variance analysis. Finally, the phase shifting system is used to measure the extinction coefficient of atmospheric aerosol in the field, and the correlation between extinction coefficient and PM2.5 is analyzed. Finally, the full text is summarized. Some prospects are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：浙江師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X831

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本文編號：1444215