發(fā)布時間：2018-01-14 06:31

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨-丙烯酰胺共聚物的雙水相合成及應(yīng)用　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 雙水相 丙烯酰胺(AM) 陽離子度 竟聚率 絮凝劑

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代化的推進,工業(yè)及生活廢水中的有機質(zhì)含量顯著提高。這些含有機物或膠體的水體系都帶負(fù)電荷,故使用陽離子高分子絮凝劑能產(chǎn)生很好的絮凝凈化作用,因此,絮凝劑陽離子化是未來發(fā)展的重要方向之一。二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨(DMDAAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)反應(yīng)生成的陽離子型聚丙烯酰胺是一種具有高效無毒,正電荷密度高,成本低等優(yōu)點的聚合物,故在水處理方面的運用比較普遍。本文采用過硫酸銨-亞硫酸氫鈉氧化還原體系,以AM、DMDAAC為共聚單體,以聚乙二醇(PEG)為分散介質(zhì),通過雙水相共聚法制備陽離子型聚丙烯酰胺類絮凝劑P(AM-DMDAAC)。對共聚反應(yīng)工藝條件進行了優(yōu)化、雙水相共聚合的相關(guān)理論進行了研究,也對聚合產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能進行了表征,并將產(chǎn)物應(yīng)用于模擬廢水,獲得了有意義的結(jié)論。(1)采用單因素試驗探索聚合反應(yīng)條件,并考察各因素對共聚反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物相對分子質(zhì)量和陽離子度的影響。設(shè)計4因素3水平(L9(34))正交實驗,探究制備較高粘均分子量和較大陽離子度的陽離子聚丙烯酰胺的最佳工藝條件。(2)分析聚合產(chǎn)物的紅外圖譜,確定AM與DMDAAC是否共聚。(3)研究了AM-DMDAAC二元共聚物微分方程,按照K-T法、F-R法、YBR法計算出單體AM和DMDAAC在共聚反應(yīng)過程中的競聚率,研究聚合的類型以及利用競聚率繪制F-f圖。(4)探究繪制了雙水相聚合體系液/液邊界圖,研究雙水相體系分相時兩高聚物質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)關(guān)系,繪制分相圖,同時研究了AM-DMDAAC的反應(yīng)動力學(xué),并繪出動力學(xué)曲線。(5)將最終合成產(chǎn)物在模擬污水處理中進行實際應(yīng)用,考察聚合產(chǎn)物陽離子度和粘均分子量對去濁率的影響,并采用單因素試驗探索絮凝反應(yīng)條件,并考察各因素對去濁率的影響。設(shè)計L9(34)正交實驗,探究絮凝試驗的最佳反應(yīng)條件。通過單因素實驗可知:陽離子度隨著引發(fā)劑用量增加、單體配比變大、PEG含量增多、pH值升高及溫度升高都先增加后減小;粘均分子量隨著引發(fā)劑用量增加、單體配比變大、PEG含量增多、pH值升高都先增加后減小,而溫度在55℃-65℃時對粘均分子量的影響不大,當(dāng)高于65℃時才會使粘均分子量下降。由正交試驗可知:在單體配比為6:1,m(PEG)=7g,T=65℃,引發(fā)劑(過硫酸銨、亞硫酸氫鈉)各1.6mL,pH=8.5的條件下,合成的P(AM-DMDAAC)的粘均分子量最大,可達(dá)9.395×105,其中各單因素影響作用的主次順序為:pH溫度引發(fā)劑用量單體配比;在單體配比為7:1,引發(fā)劑各1.6m L,m(PEG)=7g,T=65℃,pH=7的最優(yōu)條件下,合成的P(AM-DMDAAC)陽離子度最大可達(dá)7.465%,且各因素的主次順序為:單體配比pH溫度引發(fā)劑用量。產(chǎn)物對廢水的去濁率隨著陽離子度及粘均分子量的增大而變強。由絮凝的單因素實驗可知:皂土初始濁度的增加會使聚合產(chǎn)物的絮凝效果不斷降低;P(AM-DMDAAC)投加量的增加、攪拌時間的增長、pH的增大、溫度的升高都會使絮凝的效果先增強后減弱。由絮凝的正交試驗可知:在P(AM-DMDAAC)投加量為0.3mL,攪拌時間60min,PH=6,溫度60℃的條件下,對廢水的處理效果最佳,去濁率高達(dá)96.87%,其中各單因素影響的次序為:投加量溫度PH值攪拌時間。通過對實驗合成的P(AM-DMDAAC)的紅外圖譜分析,證實AM與DMDAAC確實有發(fā)生共聚。通過競聚率設(shè)計實驗測得AM及DMDAAC的競聚率分別為r(AM)=1.1208,r(DMDAAC)=0.7674。并且繪制出反應(yīng)的動力學(xué)曲線、F-f圖以及CPAM-PEG雙水相相圖。
[Abstract]:With the advance of modernization, the content of organic matter in industrial and domestic wastewater increased significantly. These organic colloids and water system are negatively charged, so the use of cationic polymer flocculants can produce flocculation good purifying effect, therefore, is one of the most important cationic flocculant development direction in the future. Two dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylamide (AM) cationic polyacrylamide reaction is a kind of efficient non-toxic, high positive charge density, low cost polymer, so the application in water treatment is relatively common. This paper uses the ammonium persulfate oxidation reduction system in Sodium Bisulfite, AM, DMDAAC as comonomer, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as dispersion medium, preparation of cationic polyacrylamide flocculant P by aqueous two-phase copolymerization method (AM-DMDAAC). The reaction conditions were optimized, the double water The related theory of phase copolymerization were studied, also were used to characterize the structure and properties of the resulting product, and the product is applied to simulated wastewater, obtain meaningful conclusions. (1) by using single factor test to explore the conditions of polymerization, and the effects of various factors on the copolymerization reaction products affect the molecular weight and cationic the design of 4 factors and 3 levels. (L9 (34)) orthogonal experiment, the optimum process conditions of cationic polyacrylamide preparation of high viscosity average molecular weight and a relatively large ions degree. (2) infrared spectrum analysis of polymerization products, AM and DMDAAC. (3) whether the copolymerization of AM-DMDAAC two copolymer according to the differential equation, K-T method, F-R method, YBR method to calculate the monomer AM and DMDAAC in the copolymerization process of reactivity ratio, polymerization type and reactivity ratio by drawing F-f. (4) research draw the aqueous two-phase polymerization liquid / liquid boundary map, Study on the aqueous two-phase system when the mass fraction of polymer phase two, phase diagram drawing, and the reaction kinetics of AM-DMDAAC, and draw the kinetic curve. (5) the final synthesis product in simulated wastewater treatment for practical application, the influence of polymerization products of cationic degree and viscosity average molecular weight of turbidity removal rate, and the to explore the flocculation reaction conditions of single factor test, and the effects of various factors on the influence of turbidity removal rate. The design of L9 (34) orthogonal experiment, the optimum reaction conditions of flocculation test. Through the single factor experiment indicated that the cationic degree with the initiator amount, monomer ratio increases, the increase of PEG content, the increase of pH value and the temperature rise are increased first and then decreased; the viscosity average molecular weight increased with the dosage of initiator, monomer ratio increases, the increase of PEG content, the increase of pH value were increased first and then decreased, while the temperature of average molecular viscosity at 55 DEG -65 DEG C. 鍝嶄笉澶，

本文編號：1422470