本文關(guān)鍵詞：不同處理雞糞對土壤肥力性質(zhì)及重金屬形態(tài)影響的比較研究　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 雞糞 固液分離 土壤酶 腐殖質(zhì) 重金屬

【摘要】：有機肥所含營養(yǎng)成分豐富、全面,可優(yōu)化土壤微生物種群,增強土壤酶活性,改善土壤農(nóng)化性狀,保持土壤肥力,并且對養(yǎng)分具有緩釋效果。雞糞是植物生產(chǎn)中優(yōu)質(zhì)的有機肥,富含氮、磷、鉀等植物所必需的養(yǎng)分。本文通過比較雞糞分離前后固體和液體部分以及與不同方式下處理的雞糞施用于土壤后對土壤的營養(yǎng)成分、酶活性、腐殖質(zhì)以及重金屬的影響。旨在為雞糞資源化利用效率提高及合理利用途徑的探索提供理論依據(jù)。通過對固液分離效率、固體去除率以及進出料含水率的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),最佳水料比為2:1時,是固液分離處理效果達到最佳狀態(tài)。對雞糞進行固液分離處理使雞糞中的養(yǎng)分含量得到了顯著的提升,使雞糞更加的優(yōu)質(zhì);雞糞分離液中仍然存一定量的養(yǎng)分。施肥方式不同對土壤中營養(yǎng)元素含量影響不同。雞糞固液分離處理組中分離雞糞固體(FX)、新鮮雞糞(XX)和分離雞糞液體(FLY)都可以增加3各月份土壤中N、P、K含量,但FX處理組增加較為明顯,與XX組相比差別顯著;不同方式處理組的雞糞中7,8,9三個月份分離雞糞固體烘干(FH)組對土壤中速效營養(yǎng)成影響較為顯著。在全N、全P和全K的測定中,FH含量較其他組高。土壤的酶活性是土壤肥力的重要指標。FX處理對土壤中的過氧化氫酶、磷酸酶、脲酶等都具有一定的影響,其表現(xiàn)為在施入固液分離后的雞糞后第8月份,土壤中的脲酶活性增加與CK相比具有顯著差異,在第9月份時各處理組脲酶活性下降,土壤中的磷酸酶亦是如此。土壤中的過氧化氫酶在施入固液分離的雞糞后活性呈現(xiàn)升高-降低-升高的趨勢。對酶活的影響中以FX處理組施入土壤后對土壤的酶活影響較大;不同方式處理的雞糞中,固液分離烘干后的雞糞(FH)、腐解雞糞(FJ)以及雞糞有機肥(YJF)第8月份時,土壤中的脲酶活性增加與CK和CT組相比具有顯著差異,在第9月份時各處理組脲酶活性下降,土壤中的磷酸酶亦是如此。土壤中的過氧化氫酶在施入不同方式處理的雞糞后活性均呈現(xiàn)升高-降低-升高的趨勢。對酶活的影響中以FH和FJ處理組施入土壤后對土壤的酶活影響較大。在對土壤中的腐殖質(zhì)的分析中,FX和XX處理組均能提高土壤中松結(jié)態(tài)、聯(lián)結(jié)態(tài)、穩(wěn)結(jié)態(tài)和緊結(jié)態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)含量,而FLY與CK相比沒有顯著性差異,而FLY處理的雞糞對土壤肥力影響不大,FX和XX及FLY各處理組對聯(lián)結(jié)態(tài)和穩(wěn)結(jié)態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)HA/FA的影響不大,但FX處理組對能顯著性提升松結(jié)態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)HA/FA值,在對腐殖質(zhì)胡敏酸中E4/E6值的影響中,FX和XX處理組中松結(jié)態(tài)、穩(wěn)結(jié)態(tài)和聯(lián)結(jié)態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)的E4/E6與FLY和CK組相比具有顯著性差異,但FX和XX,FLY與CK之間之間相比沒有顯著性差異,各分離雞糞均能提升土壤松/緊比值;不同方式處理雞糞對土壤中的腐殖質(zhì)的分析中,FH處理的雞糞與FJ和YJF處理和CT處理相比松結(jié)態(tài)和聯(lián)結(jié)態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)含量顯著性增加,但穩(wěn)結(jié)態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)含量FH處理組與FJ處理組沒有顯著性差異,但這兩組均與CT和YJF處理有顯著性差異。緊結(jié)態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)含量的比較中,FH、CT和YJF處理組顯著性低于CK和FJ處理組,CK和FJ處理組間差異不明顯。FH處理組松結(jié)態(tài)和聯(lián)結(jié)態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)HA/FA比值顯著性高于其他處理組,而YJF、CT、FJ處理組組間松結(jié)態(tài)和聯(lián)結(jié)態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)HA/FA比值沒有顯著性差異,FH處理組與其他處理組相比土壤中各形態(tài)中腐殖質(zhì)的E4/E6比值有顯著性差異,各雞糞處理組之間差異不明顯,但與CK相比差異顯著。本實驗中FX和XX處理組中銅和鋅的含量與CK和FLY相比顯著性增加,但這兩組之間銅和鋅含量沒有顯著性差異,FLY和CK相比銅和鋅含量具有顯著性差異,但這兩種重金屬均沒有超標,鎘元素的比較中,FX、XX和FLY處理組之間有差異,但不具有顯著性,但與CK相比差異顯著,雞糞的施入可以增加土壤中重金屬含量。與CK相比,銅和鋅各形態(tài)重金屬含量均增加,但多數(shù)以殘渣態(tài)的形式存留土壤中,說明施入土壤后這兩種重金屬對土壤的污染能力較小,而鎘離子主要以交換態(tài)的形式存在,說明其不會再土壤中長期存留;不同方式處理的雞糞中,FH處理組、FJ處理組、YJF處理組中重金屬含量均顯著性高于CT、CK處理組,銅和鎘含量,FH與FJ和YJF組間差異顯著,鋅含量含差異不顯著。各組中各形態(tài)的銅和鋅以殘渣態(tài)為主,鎘以可交換態(tài)為主。施入不同方式處理的雞糞均能增加各形態(tài)重金屬含量,其中以FH處理組和FJ處理組增加較為明顯,其次是YJF和CT處理組。
[Abstract]:The organic fertilizer contained rich nutrients, comprehensive, can optimize the microbial population in the soil, enhance soil enzyme activity, improve soil agrochemical properties, maintaining soil fertility, and has effect on nutrient release. Chicken manure is plant production in high quality organic fertilizer, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other essential plant nutrients. Through the comparison of chicken manure before and after the separation of solid and liquid parts and different ways of treatment for chicken manure on soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, and heavy metals. The influence of humus to manure resource utilization efficiency and provide a theoretical basis for the rational utilization of exploration. Based on the solid-liquid separation efficiency, and the removal rate of solid material import the moisture content, the best water ratio is 2:1, the effect of solid-liquid separation process is to achieve the best condition. Carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment of chicken manure nutrient content in chicken manure Has been significantly improved, so that more high-quality chicken manure; separation still a certain amount of liquid nutrients. Fertilization methods have different effects on the content of nutrient elements in the soil of different separation. Chicken manure solid-liquid separation treatment of solid manure (FX), fresh chicken manure (XX) and liquid separation (FLY) can be increased by 3 each month the soil N, P, K content, but FX treatment group increased significantly, compared with the XX group the difference was significant; the separation of solid manure drying 7,8,9 three months of different treatment group (FH group) in chicken manure on soil available nutrients into the more significant influence. In the determination of N, P and K, FH were higher than those in other groups. Soil enzyme activity is an important indicator of soil fertility.FX phosphatase on catalase, urease in soil, and has a certain effect, which is manifested in the application of solid-liquid separation after the chicken after eighth months, the urea in soil The enzyme activity increased compared with CK had significant differences, in the ninth month of each treatment group decreased urease activity, so is the phosphatase in soil. Soil catalase in the solid-liquid separation of chicken manure after activity showed increase decrease increase trend. A greater impact on the effects of enzyme on soil enzyme activity in the FX treatment group applied into soil; manure treated in different ways, solid-liquid separation of dried chicken manure, chicken manure (FH) decomposition (FJ) and chicken manure organic fertilizer (YJF) Eighth months, urease activity in soil increased compared with CK and CT group has significant difference in the ninth month the treatment group decreased urease activity, so is the phosphatase in soil. Soil catalase in the different treatment of chicken after activity showed increase decrease increase trend. The influence on enzyme activity in FH treatment group and FJ treatment group were applied into soil on Influence of living soil enzyme. In the analysis of Soil Humus in FX and XX treatment group could improve the soil loose form, coupling state, stable combined humus and tightly combined humus content, while FLY and CK had no significant difference compared to the FLY treatment of chicken manure had little effect on soil fertility FX and XX have little effect, and the FLY of each treatment group and the combined form of antithetical couplet stably combined humus HA/FA, but FX treatment group can significantly enhance loose humus HA/FA value, based on the effect of E4/E6 value in humus Hu Min acid, FX and XX group in loose form, stable form and connection of humus E4/E6 has a significant difference compared with FLY and CK group, but FX and XX, between FLY and CK were not significantly different, the separation of chicken manure can improve the soil loose / tight ratio; analysis of chicken manure in the soil humus of different treatment, FH treatment and FJ chicken manure and YJF Compared with CT treatment and the loose combined form of humus content linking increased significantly, but the steady bound humus content in the FH treatment group had no significant difference with FJ group, but the two groups with CT and YJF treatment were significantly different. Compared tightlycombined humus content, FH, CT and YJF. Treatment group was significantly lower than that of CK and FJ treatment group, FJ treatment group and CK the difference was not significant between the.FH group and the loose combined form of humus coupling ratio of HA/FA was significantly higher than that of other groups, while YJF, CT, FJ treatment group and the loose combined form of humus coupling ratio of HA/FA had no significant difference, FH treatment group E4/E6 ratio in all forms of soil humus had significant difference compared with other treatment groups, no significant difference between the treatment group and the CK of chicken manure, but the difference was significant. The experiment of copper and zinc in FX and XX groups were significantly increased compared with CK and FLY, but the two There is no significant difference between the content of copper and zinc group, compared with the copper and zinc content of FLY and CK has significant differences, but these two kinds of heavy metals did not exceed the standard, compared with CD, FX, there are differences between XX and FLY group, but have no significant difference, but compared with CK, chicken manure the fertilizer can increase the content of heavy metals in soil. Compared with CK, the heavy metal content of copper and zinc were increased, but most in the form of residua remaining in the soil, which indicated that the application of the capacity of the smaller of the two kinds of heavy metal pollution of soil, and the cadmium ion mainly in exchangeable form, the no long-term retention in the soil; manure treated in different ways, the FH treatment group, FJ treatment group, the contents of heavy metals in YJF treatment group were significantly higher than those of CT, CK treatment group, copper and cadmium content, FH and FJ and YJF are significant differences between the groups, the zinc content had no significant difference. The copper and zinc in each group were mainly residues, and CD was mainly exchangeable. Different forms of chicken manure could increase the contents of heavy metals in various forms, especially in FH treated group and FJ treated group, followed by YJF and CT treatment groups.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141;X713

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