發(fā)布時間：2018-01-10 18:08

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：表面流—潛流人工濕地系統(tǒng)處理城市雨水的實驗研究　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 人工濕地 雨水徑流 復(fù)合基質(zhì) 污染物去除 沖擊負(fù)荷實驗

【摘要】：我國的城市規(guī)模這些年來飛速發(fā)展,伴隨而來的是我國城市中人口不斷增加,城市商業(yè)區(qū)、住宅小區(qū)、建設(shè)工地等隨之增加,過于快速的發(fā)展,導(dǎo)致我國城市內(nèi)地面硬化率居高不下,城市透水能力差,內(nèi)部水環(huán)境持續(xù)惡化,很多地區(qū)地下水資源得不到補充,均有下降趨勢,水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也因為路面的硬化率提高而遭到不斷破壞,大部分城市將雨水徑流直接排放入附近的受納水體,高污染物含量的雨水在導(dǎo)致水體富營養(yǎng)化污染的同時,還造成寶貴水資源的浪費,人居環(huán)境條件也日趨下降。另外,我國人均用水量仍不及世界平均水平,水資源的浪費問題也是造成這一現(xiàn)象持續(xù)的重要原因之一。所以現(xiàn)在迫切需要一種能夠?qū)τ晁畯搅鬟M(jìn)行有效處理且兼具多重功效的水處理技術(shù)來應(yīng)對城市雨水污染和浪費等諸多問題。人工濕地作為近些年來高速發(fā)展的水處理技術(shù),其不僅能夠緩沖暴雨徑流的沖擊負(fù)荷,有效去除雨水中污染物,還可以建成景觀旅游等,兼?zhèn)浣?jīng)濟效益,且人工濕地建成后運行簡單,維護(hù)便宜,使用壽命較長,是一種適宜在城市中應(yīng)用的水處理技術(shù)。本實驗中,參照蘭州地區(qū)已有的降雨雨水徑流污染物含量資料,收集蘭州交通大學(xué)內(nèi)地表徑流、屋面徑流,檢測其中污染物真實含量,在得出數(shù)據(jù)及結(jié)論的同時為模擬實驗用水的配制提供參考。通過對TP的動態(tài)吸附實驗比較了幾種不同的人工濕地基質(zhì),得到各基質(zhì)對TP的吸附效果,并根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果,選擇吸附效果較好的兩種基質(zhì)與有機質(zhì)按一定質(zhì)量比例進(jìn)行摻和,用摻和后的復(fù)合基質(zhì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行動態(tài)吸附試驗,選擇出一種適合人工濕地的復(fù)合基質(zhì)。在表面流-潛流人工濕地系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用選出的復(fù)合基質(zhì),調(diào)整不同的進(jìn)水水量、水力負(fù)荷條件,驗證該種復(fù)合基質(zhì)在濕地系統(tǒng)中的實際應(yīng)用效果,并確定合適的水力工況點,為后續(xù)人工濕地的推廣提供理論依據(jù)。通過改變水力負(fù)荷,模擬暴雨徑流時間短、水量大的特點,研究了人工濕地系統(tǒng)在較大沖擊負(fù)荷情況下處理效果受到影響的大小。實驗結(jié)果表明:(1)實際雨水徑流中有機物、氨氮、總氮、總磷含量較多,濁度較大。雨水徑流無論屋面雨水還是道路雨水,在開始降雨的前0~20分鐘,其中污染物含量均處于較高水平,這屬于雨水的沖刷效應(yīng),在降雨后期,污染物含量迅速下降,相比初期雨水水質(zhì)有一定改善。(2)實驗中所選擇的單一基質(zhì)對磷的吸附效果較好的基質(zhì)為沸石、細(xì)陶粒、粗陶粒,不同配比的復(fù)合基質(zhì)對磷的吸附效果由大到小依次為90%細(xì)陶粒90%粗陶粒80%粗陶粒85%細(xì)陶粒80%細(xì)陶粒85%粗陶粒。通過基質(zhì)吸附飽和后對磷的解吸特征來看,選作人工濕地基質(zhì)的90%細(xì)陶粒、90%粗陶粒不僅在吸附方面有良好的性能,而且其吸附飽和后對磷的釋放率低,證明適宜作為人工濕地基質(zhì)。(3)無植物條件下,人工濕地系統(tǒng)是去除污染物機理包括沉淀吸附的物理化學(xué)作用、微生物作用,這兩種作用都可以正常發(fā)揮作用,無植物時濕地對雨水徑流中污染物有較好的去除效果。濕地系統(tǒng)種植蘆葦后,濕地系統(tǒng)對各類污染物的去除率均有一定的提高,但提高程度一般,說明植物在人工濕地對污染物的去除中發(fā)揮的作用較小。(4)實驗對比系統(tǒng)在無植物狀態(tài)下,種植蘆葦?shù)臓顟B(tài)下后0.083m3/m2·d、0.125m3/m2·d、0.167m3/m2·d三種不同水力負(fù)荷下對表面流-潛流人工濕地系統(tǒng)對進(jìn)水模擬雨水徑流中污染物的去除效果,結(jié)果表明,人工濕地植物對污染物的去除有一定的幫助,但效果不明顯,在水力負(fù)荷為0.125m3/m2·d,水力停留時間為2d的條件下,穩(wěn)定后的人工濕地對污染物去除效果理想,系統(tǒng)出水濁度去除率為89.83%-93.39%,出水總氮去除率為70.21%-78.24%,出水氨氮去除率為89.08%-91.58%,出水CODcr去除率為84.61%-88.74%,出水總磷去除率為82.84%-92.66%。處理后的水質(zhì)除了總氮以外,其他幾項可達(dá)到《地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB3838-2002)中地表水排放要求的IV類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(5)本實驗設(shè)計的人工濕地系統(tǒng)在處理實際雨水徑流的實驗結(jié)果表明,該系統(tǒng)具有良好的實際雨水處理能力,CODcr的去除效果相比于模擬實驗有所下降。系統(tǒng)對濁度的最終出水去除率可以達(dá)到94.04%、93.17%、93.65%,總氮去除率為73.80%、76.01%、73.75%,氨氮去除率可以達(dá)到90.08%、88.95%、89.68%,CODcr去除率為78.33%、71.01%、72.19%,總磷去除率可以為87.76%、89.32%、91.01%。
[Abstract]:Our city the size of these years of rapid development, is accompanied by the increasing population in the city of our country, city commercial district, residential, construction sites and other increases, development too fast, resulting in China's city ground hardening rate is high, the city water is getting worse, the water environment continues to worsen, a lot of groundwater resources are not replenished, had a downward trend, the water ecosystem because of road hardening rate increased by continuous destruction, most of city rainwater runoff directly discharged into nearby water pollution, high content of water in the lead to eutrophication pollution at the same time, also caused the precious water. Waste, human settlements conditions have gradually decreased. In addition, China's per capita consumption is still less than the world average, waste of water resources is the cause of this phenomenon continued to one of the reasons. There is an urgent need to a runoff water treatment technology and effective treatment and both multiple functions to deal with city rainwater pollution and waste problems. As the artificial wetland water treatment technology of high-speed development in recent years, which not only can buffer the impact load of storm runoff, the effective removal of pollutants, but also built landscape tourism, and economic benefits, and the artificial wetland after the completion of simple operation, cheap maintenance, long service life, is suitable for the city in the application of water treatment technology. In this experiment, according to the Lanzhou area has been the rainwater runoff pollutant content data collection, LanZhou JiaoTong University the surface runoff, roof runoff, the real pollutant detection the content, provide a reference for the preparation of simulated experimental water while the data and conclusion. Through the dynamic adsorption experiment than on TP Artificial wetland matrix is different, the matrix effect on the adsorption of TP, and according to the experimental results, the selective adsorption effect of two kinds of matrix and good organic admixture according to a certain mass ratio, composite matrix mixture on dynamic adsorption test, select a composite matrix suitable for artificial wetland in the selected application. The surface flow subsurface constructed wetland system in the composite matrix, adjust the influent water, hydraulic loading conditions, verify the application effect of the composite matrix in the wetland system, and determine the appropriate operating point of water stress, provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent promotion of artificial wetland. By changing the hydraulic loading. Simulation of storm runoff characteristics of short time, a large amount of water, the artificial wetland system is affected by the treatment effect in the larger impact load case size. Experimental results show that: (1) the actual rain Organic matter, ammonia nitrogen in runoff, total nitrogen, total phosphorus content more, turbidity. Rainwater runoff regardless of roof rainwater or road rainwater, in 0~20 minutes before the start of rainfall, the pollutants are at a high level, which belongs to the scouring effect of rainwater, in the later stage of rainfall, the pollutant content decreased rapidly, compared with the initial rainwater quality improved. (2) a single matrix selected in the experiments the effect of phosphorus adsorption on zeolite matrix is good, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, matrix composite with different ratio of effect of P adsorption followed by 90% fine ceramsite 90% crude ceramsite 80% crude ceramsite 85% fine ceramsite 80% fine ceramsite 85% thick ceramsite. Through the matrix after adsorption desorption characteristics of phosphorus, 90% fine ceramsite selected for constructed wetlands, 90% thick ceramsite not only has good performance in adsorption, and its adsorption on phosphorus release rate is low, that Suitable for constructed wetlands. (3) no plant under the condition of artificial wetland system is the pollutant removal mechanism including the physical and chemical effects, precipitation adsorption of microorganisms, these two effects can play a role in the normal, no plant pollutant runoff in the wetland has a good removal effect. After planting reed wetland system, wetland the system of all kinds of pollutants removal rate were improved to some extent, but the degree of improvement, indicating that the effect of small plants play in artificial wetland for removal of pollutants in. (4) experimental system in plant condition, planting reeds under the condition of 0.083m3/m2 - D, 0.125m3/m2 - D, 0.167m3/m2 - D three under different hydraulic loadings on the surface flow and subsurface flow constructed wetland system on the removal effect of pollutants in stormwater runoff simulation results show that the artificial wetland plants on pollutants removal have some help Help, but the effect is not obvious, when the hydraulic load is 0.125m3/m2 - D, the hydraulic retention time is 2D, the removal effect of pollutants in the ideal artificial wetland in the stable system, the turbidity removal rate was 89.83%-93.39%, the effluent total nitrogen removal rate was 70.21%-78.24%, the effluent ammonia removal rate was 89.08%-91.58%, the effluent CODcr removal rate was 84.61%-88.74% the TP removal rate was 82.84%-92.66%., the water quality after treatment in addition to total nitrogen, several other can achieve "surface water environmental quality standard" (GB3838-2002) in surface water discharge requirements of water quality standard IV. (5) the experimental design of artificial wetland system in treatment of stormwater runoff. The experimental results show that the system the rain has practical good processing ability, compared to the CODcr removal effect in simulation experiment decreased. The final effluent turbidity removal rate can reach 94.04%, 93.17%, 93.65%, The total nitrogen removal rate is 73.80%, 76.01%, 73.75%, ammonia nitrogen removal rate can reach 90.08%, 88.95%, 89.68%, CODcr removal rate is 78.33%, 71.01%, 72.19%, total phosphorus removal rate can be 87.76%, 89.32%, 91.01%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X52;X703

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳麗麗;趙同科;張成軍;李鵬;李新榮;董若征;;不同人工濕地基質(zhì)對磷的吸附性能研究[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2012年03期

2 劉波;陳玉成;王莉瑋;何娟;劉江國;梁勤爽;;4種人工濕地填料對磷的吸附特性分析[J];環(huán)境工程學(xué)報;2010年01期

3 張國珍;何春生;武福平;;西北村鎮(zhèn)集雨飲用水源地水質(zhì)評價體系研究[J];干旱區(qū)資源與環(huán)境;2009年11期

4 盧觀彬;鄧榮森;肖海文;金龍;;暴雨徑流人工濕地處理新技術(shù)[J];市政技術(shù);2007年04期

5 耿琦鵬;洪劍明;;人工濕地凈化污水機理研究進(jìn)展[J];南水北調(diào)與水利科技;2006年05期

6 盧少勇;金相燦;余剛;;人工濕地的氮去除機理[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2006年08期

7 鄧輔唐;孫s釷，

本文編號：1406267