本文關鍵詞：杭白菊不同產(chǎn)區(qū)中土壤重金屬離子含量差異及污染評價　出處：《浙江農(nóng)林大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 土壤重金屬 特征分析 杭嘉湖平原背景值 污染評價

【摘要】：隨著我國工業(yè)化和城市化的快速發(fā)展,土壤受人類活動的影響越來越頻繁,土壤重金屬污染現(xiàn)在也日趨嚴重。在嘉興市,杭白菊作為支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè),也是我國最大的杭白菊產(chǎn)區(qū),近年來,由于經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)境的沖突,產(chǎn)區(qū)的土壤環(huán)境也遭到了不同程度的污染。本文為了反映嘉興市杭白菊主產(chǎn)區(qū)內(nèi)土壤重金屬含量的情況,挑選了當?shù)鼐哂写硇缘?個產(chǎn)區(qū),共采集了60份產(chǎn)區(qū)內(nèi)土壤樣本,通過牛津手持式金屬探測儀進行檢測,并選取了Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg、Pb等7種元素作為評價元素,對其整體生產(chǎn)區(qū)的含量與背景值之間進行比較,統(tǒng)計各個采集點的含量特征,進而從內(nèi)梅羅指數(shù)法,潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法評價方法對研究區(qū)各采集點的污染情況進行全面評價,并判斷其是否具有重金屬危害。并試著去探究污染源及提出相關的防治對策。研究結果表明:(1)三個生產(chǎn)區(qū)的Cr、Cd、Hg、Pb整體元素含量普遍高于杭嘉湖平原背景值,Ni、Cu、Zn元素含量低于背景值。生產(chǎn)區(qū)中Hg的含量較背景值有明顯偏高,為主要污染物,具有極強的生態(tài)危害性。(2)Hg的高含量主要集中在生產(chǎn)區(qū)內(nèi)幾個采集點,呈現(xiàn)出一定的點狀污染,且變異系數(shù)多為強變異,即受到人類活動影響明顯。在三個生產(chǎn)區(qū)整體種植方式差異不大的情況下,可能是由于農(nóng)戶個體間的種植方法差異(施用含甲基汞殺菌劑)及特殊地理環(huán)境的綜合性污染所引起的。而Cd的高含量比較普遍,變異系數(shù)多為中等變異,可能是由于生產(chǎn)區(qū)的種植歷史背景所導致的。(3)評價結果顯示,Hg和Cd為主要污染物,都出現(xiàn)了明顯的污染,其中在Cd方面,各點均為輕污染,而在Hg方面,各采集點表現(xiàn)出了不同程度的重污染和中污染。從單一重金屬潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)看,Cd處于中等生態(tài)危害,Hg處于極強生態(tài)危害,其余重金屬處于輕微生態(tài)危害,從多種重金屬綜合潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)來看,3個生產(chǎn)區(qū)都處于很強生態(tài)危害。根據(jù)結果提出建議:針對高污染點進行周邊環(huán)境的檢測,確定主要污染源,并對主要污染源進行分析。探究環(huán)境、施肥、施藥可能對杭白菊品質的影響。為了改善當前土壤環(huán)境,建議采用杭白菊與不同作物輪作、套作和兼作的栽培模式。針對土壤中重金屬污染嚴重的情況,可以通過植物修復如植物提取,植物穩(wěn)定,植物揮發(fā)等方法調節(jié)土壤環(huán)境中的重金屬含量。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, soil is affected by human activities more and more frequently, and soil heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious. In Jiaxing City, Hangzhou Chrysanthemum is a pillar industry. It is also the largest chrysanthemum production area in China, in recent years, due to the conflict between economic benefits and the environment. In order to reflect the content of heavy metals in the soil of the main producing areas of Hangzhou, Jiaxing City, three representative production areas were selected. A total of 60 soil samples were collected and detected by the Oxford hand-held metal detector, and 7 elements, such as Cr-NiCU, ZnCU, CDGG, Pb and so on, were selected as evaluation elements. The content of the whole production area was compared with the background value, and the content characteristics of each collection point were counted, and then the method of Nemero index was used. The method of potential ecological hazard index was used to evaluate the pollution of each collection site in the study area. And to determine whether it is harmful to heavy metals, and try to explore the pollution sources and put forward the relevant control measures. The research results show that the three production areas of Cr-CdHG. The Pb content of the whole element is generally higher than that of the background value of Hangjia-Lake Plain. The content of Cu Cu Zn is lower than the background value. The Hg content in the production area is obviously higher than the background value and is the main pollutant. The high content of HG with extremely strong ecological hazard is mainly concentrated in several sampling sites in the production area, showing a certain point pollution, and the coefficient of variation is mostly strong variation. That is, affected by human activities obviously. In the three production areas, the overall planting patterns are not different. It may be caused by the difference of planting methods among individual farmers (using methylmercury fungicides) and the comprehensive pollution of special geographical environment, while the high content of CD is relatively common, and the coefficient of variation is mostly medium variation. The results of evaluation showed that Hg and CD were the main pollutants, and there were obvious pollution in CD, especially light pollution in CD. In terms of Hg, different levels of heavy pollution and moderate pollution were observed in the collection sites. According to the single index of potential ecological hazards of heavy metals, CD was in medium ecological hazards and Hg was in extremely strong ecological hazards. The other heavy metals were in slight ecological harm, from the comprehensive potential ecological hazard index of many heavy metals. According to the results, the following suggestions were put forward: to detect the surrounding environment, to determine the main pollution sources, to analyze the main pollution sources, to explore the environment, and to apply fertilizer to the three production areas. In order to improve the current soil environment, it is suggested to use the cultivation mode of rotation, intercropping and both cropping with different crops in order to improve the soil environment of Hangbai chrysanthemum. The heavy metal content in soil environment can be regulated by phytoremediation, such as plant extraction, plant stability and plant volatilization.
【學位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X53;X825

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