本文關(guān)鍵詞：低溫耐鹽硝基苯降解菌的篩選及降解性特性研究　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 硝基苯 低溫 耐鹽 降解特性

【摘要】：硝基苯是重要的化工材料,其經(jīng)磺化、硝化等反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物被廣泛應(yīng)用于制造苯胺、醫(yī)藥、炸藥、肥皂及合成橡膠等產(chǎn)品,且主要用于制造苯胺。由于硝基苯是中等毒性物質(zhì),可通過呼吸系統(tǒng)或食物鏈進(jìn)入人體,對人體的肝、脾、腎及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生毒害作用,并可引起“三致”。利用微生物來改善水環(huán)境質(zhì)量,同時解決了物理法殘留的二次污染問題及化學(xué)法處理成本高的難題。我國北方地區(qū)冬季寒冷致使城市污水處理系統(tǒng)中活性污泥活性較低,微生物代謝速率受到抑制,限制了微生物降解硝基苯的能力。并且硝基苯污水中除了含有硝基苯及苯胺在內(nèi)的有毒污染物外,還含有大量對微生物生命活動產(chǎn)生抑制作用的無機(jī)鹽(如C1、Na+、Ca2+和SO42-等)。因此獲得性能良好的低溫耐鹽硝基苯降解菌,以期為冬季北方地區(qū)硝基苯污水處理系統(tǒng)中硝基苯的有效去除提供科學(xué)依據(jù)及技術(shù)支撐。從沈陽市北部污水處理廠曝氣池中采集活性污泥,并通過對其進(jìn)行富集培養(yǎng)、硝基苯降解能力馴化、低溫耐鹽能力馴化后,分離篩選出16株有降解硝基苯能力的菌株,其中5株菌株降解能力較為顯著,其硝基苯降解率均大于40%,分別命名為X1、X3、X7、X11和X14。初篩得到的5株菌株進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的復(fù)篩試驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)在不同硝基苯濃度條件下菌株X7的生長及硝基苯降解性能均優(yōu)于其他4株菌株,因此確定菌株X7為目標(biāo)菌株。通過菌株X7特有的形態(tài)特征及常規(guī)的生理生化指標(biāo)結(jié)果,并結(jié)合16S rDNA基因測序,確定菌株X7為氣味類香菌(Myroides odoratus)。菌株X7的降解特性試驗表明,菌株X7降解硝基苯的最適環(huán)境溫度為15℃,最適pH值為7.0,最適搖床轉(zhuǎn)速為150 rpm,最適初始接種量為10%,最適宜鹽度范圍為1.0～3.0%,當(dāng)硝基苯初始濃度為150 mg/L時,降解率可達(dá)到51.50%,最大耐受硝基苯濃度可達(dá)350 mg/L。當(dāng)分別加入葡萄糖作為輔助碳源和蛋白胨作為輔助氮源時,對菌株X7降解硝基苯起到了一定的促進(jìn)作用,硝基苯降解率也分別提高到了58.92%和60.24%,但乙酸銨作為共代謝基質(zhì)加入時,對菌株X7降解硝基苯產(chǎn)生了抑制作用。菌株X7的動力學(xué)試驗表明,當(dāng)硝基苯初始濃度低于120 mg/L時,硝基苯濃度還不能夠為菌株X7生長代謝提供充足的碳源,此時菌株X7的降解動力學(xué)符合零級反應(yīng)動力學(xué)方程,相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.9874～0.9925。當(dāng)硝基苯初始濃度高于120 mg/L時,硝基苯對菌株的毒害作用表現(xiàn)明顯,菌株X7的降解動力學(xué)符合Andrews底物抑制模型,動力學(xué)參數(shù)：μmax=1.32684,Kg=37.75747,Kt=110.63896。
[Abstract]:Nitrobenzene is an important chemical material, the sulfonation reactions such as nitration products, is widely used in the manufacture of aniline, pharmaceuticals, explosives, soap and synthetic rubber products, and is mainly used in the manufacture of aniline. The nitrobenzene is moderately toxic substances, can enter the body through the respiratory system or the food chain, the body's liver, spleen, kidney and nervous system toxicity, and may cause the "three letter". To improve the water environmental quality by microorganism, and solve the physical method of residue two pollution problems and chemical treatment of the problem of the high cost. In the North China region in winter because of the cold activated sludge of city sewage treatment system is low. Microbial metabolic rate was inhibited, limiting the ability of microbial degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrobenzene wastewater. In addition to toxic pollutants containing nitrobenzene and aniline, and also contains a lot of microbial life Inorganic salt inhibited the activities (such as C1, Na+, Ca2+ and SO42-). Therefore, obtain good performance of low temperature salt tolerant Nitrobenzene Degrading Bacteria, in order to provide scientific basis and technical support and effective removal of nitrobenzene in winter in northern area of nitrobenzene in wastewater treatment system. Collected from the activated sludge of Shenyang Northern Sewage Treatment Plant aeration in the pool, and through the enrichment, domestication of nitrobenzene degradation ability, low salt tolerance after domestication, isolated 16 strains capable of degrading nitrobenzene, of which 5 strains degradation ability is significant, the degradation rate of nitrobenzene is greater than 40%, which were named X1, X3, X7, X11 and X14. the screening of 5 isolated strains were screened by further testing, found superior in growth and nitrobenzene degradation performance of different nitrobenzene concentration under the conditions of strain X7 of the other 4 strains, the strain X7 was identified as target bacteria The morphological characteristics of the strains X7 strains. The unique and common physiological and biochemical indexes of the results, combined with 16S rDNA gene sequencing, strain X7 was identified as Myroides odoratus (Myroides odoratus). The test shows that the degradation characteristics of strain X7, strain X7 degrading the optimum environment temperature is 15 DEG C, the optimum pH value was 7. And the optimum rotation speed was 150 rpm, the optimum initial inoculation amount was 10%, the optimum salinity ranged from 1 to 3%, when the initial concentration of nitrobenzene is 150 mg/L, the degradation rate can reach 51.50%, the maximum tolerated concentration of nitrobenzene can reach 350 mg/L. when glucose were added as auxiliary carbonsource peptone as nitrogen source and auxiliary when, to a certain extent of strain X7 degradation of nitrobenzene, nitrobenzene degradation rate were increased to 58.92% and 60.24%, but ammonium acetate as co metabolism substrate is added to inhibit degradation of nitrobenzene. Strain X strain X7 The test shows that the dynamics of 7, when the nitrobenzene concentration lower than 120 mg/L, the concentration of nitrobenzene is not able to provide sufficient carbon source for the strain X7 growth and metabolism, the degradation kinetics of strain X7 with zero order kinetics equation, the correlation coefficient is 0.9874 ~ 0.9925. when the initial concentration of nitrobenzene was higher than 120 mg/L, the toxic effects of nitrobenzene the strain is obvious degradation kinetics of strain X7 with Andrews substrate inhibition model, kinetic parameters: max=1.32684, Kg=37.75747, Kt=110.63896.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X172;X703

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