本文關鍵詞：典型污泥EPS對重金屬及相應納米顆粒的吸附　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 胞外聚合物 重金屬離子 納米顆粒 吸附 紅外光譜

【摘要】：隨著社會科技的進步和城市現(xiàn)代化進程的加快,重金屬及其納米顆粒在工業(yè)、醫(yī)療等行業(yè)中的大量使用,不可避免的引發(fā)了嚴重的環(huán)境問題。目前,常采用生物工藝處理重金屬廢水及含有納米顆粒的生活污水。污泥作為污水生物處理系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分,其沉降性能、脫水性能、生物絮凝以及表面特性在很大程度上受污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的影響。目前,人們主要研究污泥EPS整體對于重金屬離子及納米顆粒的吸附特性,沒有對污泥EPS進行組分分析,而且大多數(shù)研究都以活性污泥作為研究對象。因此,全面探究污泥EPS對重金屬離子和納米顆粒的吸附特性具有重要意義。本課題通過對活性污泥、厭氧顆粒污泥以及厭氧絮狀污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)進行分級實驗,分析其親/疏水性組分并研究其物化特征。結果表明:三種污泥EPS中均主要含有芳香類物質及微生物代謝產(chǎn)物,對于蛋白質含量,厭氧絮狀污泥最高,厭氧顆粒污泥次之,活性污泥最低;對于多糖、TOC及UV-254值,厭氧絮狀污泥最高,活性污泥次之,厭氧顆粒污泥最低;污泥沉降性能與親水性物質的含量呈正相關,脫水性能與疏水性物質的含量呈正相關。通過污泥EPS及其組分對Zn2+、Ti4+和Cu2+及其納米顆粒的吸附實驗研究其吸附特性。結果表明:對于同一種金屬離子,厭氧顆粒污泥EPS吸附量最高,而厭氧絮狀污泥EPS和活性污泥EPS相近;對于同一種納米顆粒,活性污泥吸附量最高,厭氧絮狀污泥次之,厭氧顆粒污泥最小;對于同一種污泥EPS,其對重金屬離子的親和力Cu2+Ti4+Zn2+,對納米顆粒的親和力為Ti O2Cu OZn O。通過厭氧顆粒污泥EPS與Zn2+、Ti4+和Cu2+及其納米顆粒的吸附等溫線及吸附動力學方程,研究其熱力學及動力學特征。結果表明:Cu2+及其納米顆粒與Ti4+的吸附適合用Freundlich等溫吸附方程模擬。Zn2+及其納米顆粒與納米Ti O2適合用Langmuir等溫吸附方程模擬。此外,厭氧顆粒污泥EPS與Cu2+、Zn2+和Ti4+及其納米顆粒的吸附過程均適合用準二級反應動力學方程進行模擬,且吸附過程中均已化學吸附為主。通過紅外光譜和掃描電鏡,研究不同污泥EPS對Zn2+、Ti4+和Cu2+及其納米顆粒的吸附機理。結果表明:污泥EPS是通過羥基、羧基、氨基、酰胺基團和C-O-C基團與Zn2+、Ti4+和Cu2+及其納米顆粒發(fā)生作用。
[Abstract]:With the progress of social science and technology and the acceleration of urban modernization, heavy metals and their nanoparticles are widely used in industry, medical treatment and other industries, which inevitably lead to serious environmental problems. Biological process is often used to treat heavy metal wastewater and domestic sewage containing nanoparticles. Sludge is the main component of wastewater biological treatment system, its settling performance and dehydration performance. Biological flocculation and surface properties are largely affected by the extracellular polymer (EPS) of sludge. At present, the adsorption characteristics of sludge EPS for heavy metal ions and nanoparticles are mainly studied. There is no component analysis of sludge EPS, and most of the studies take activated sludge as the object of study. It is of great significance to study the adsorption characteristics of sludge EPS to heavy metal ions and nanoparticles. Anaerobic granular sludge and anaerobic flocculating sludge were classified by extracellular polymer (EPS). The hydrophilic / hydrophobic components were analyzed and their physicochemical characteristics were studied. The results showed that the three kinds of sludge EPS mainly contained aromatic substances and microbial metabolites, and the anaerobic flocculating sludge had the highest protein content. Anaerobic granular sludge was the second and activated sludge was the lowest. For polysaccharides TOC and UV-254, anaerobic flocculating sludge was the highest, activated sludge was the second, and anaerobic granular sludge was the lowest. Sludge settling property was positively correlated with hydrophilic substance content, dewatering property was positively correlated with hydrophobic substance content. Zn2 was analyzed by sludge EPS and its components. The adsorption characteristics of Ti4 and Cu2 and their nanoparticles were studied. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of EPS in anaerobic granular sludge was the highest for the same metal ions. However, EPS of anaerobic flocculating sludge was similar to EPS of activated sludge. For the same kind of nanoparticles, the adsorption capacity of activated sludge was the highest, the anaerobic flocculating sludge was the second, and the anaerobic granular sludge was the smallest. For the same sludge, its affinity to heavy metal ions was Cu2 Ti4 Zn2. The affinity to nano-particles was TIO _ 2Cu OZn _ O. EPS and Zn2 were used in anaerobic granular sludge. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics equations of Ti4 and Cu2 and their nanoparticles. The thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the solution were studied. The results show that the adsorption of Ti4 with Ti4 is suitable for Freundlich isothermal adsorption equation. Zn2. And nano-particles and nano-TiO _ 2 can be simulated by Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The adsorption process of EPS, Cu2, Zn2, Ti4 and their nanoparticles in anaerobic granular sludge is suitable to be simulated by quasi second-order reaction kinetics equation. The adsorption process was mainly chemisorbed. The effects of different sludge EPS on Zn2 were studied by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The adsorption mechanism of Ti4 and Cu2 and their nanoparticles. The results show that the sludge EPS is composed of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, amide and C-O-C groups with Zn2. Ti4 and Cu2 and their nanoparticles interact.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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