本文關(guān)鍵詞：廣州市典型室內(nèi)環(huán)境空氣中細(xì)顆粒物污染特征研究與人群暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 典型室內(nèi)空氣 PM2.5 多環(huán)芳烴 金屬元素 OC/EC 水溶性離子

【摘要】：細(xì)顆粒物(PM2.5)具有粒徑小、比表面積大、易富集有毒有害物質(zhì)以及長(zhǎng)期存在,且在環(huán)境空氣中的含量變化大等特點(diǎn),PM2.5可通過(guò)呼吸方式進(jìn)入到肺部甚至心腦血管中而嚴(yán)重危害人體健康,因此有關(guān)的PM2.5濃度、污染特征以及人群暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究日益受到國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注�，F(xiàn)在社會(huì)中人們80%以上的時(shí)間都在室內(nèi)度過(guò),有統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示某些室內(nèi)環(huán)境空氣中PM2.5濃度可能遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)室外,因而室內(nèi)細(xì)顆粒物的污染水平與人體健康更加息息相關(guān)。我國(guó)城市空氣存在PM2.5污染嚴(yán)重、人群暴露和健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)不清晰、防控能力薄弱等問(wèn)題,關(guān)于PM2.5污染的研究成為大氣污染防治中的熱點(diǎn)課題,但鮮少有關(guān)于公共室內(nèi)中PM2.5污染特征、對(duì)人體危害程度的深入探究。本研究通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查方式獲得了廣州市城區(qū)人群時(shí)間-活動(dòng)模式與健康信息,并篩選出具有典型性的室內(nèi)微環(huán)境,分析監(jiān)測(cè)了六種典型室內(nèi)環(huán)境空氣中PM2.5濃度變化,分析并討論了典型室內(nèi)細(xì)顆粒物的污染特征及其理化特性,評(píng)估了典型室內(nèi)環(huán)境空氣中多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)通過(guò)呼吸暴露過(guò)程導(dǎo)致的人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究主要結(jié)論如下:1.根據(jù)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷結(jié)果,結(jié)合調(diào)查人群在室內(nèi)度過(guò)的時(shí)間比例,篩選確定用于監(jiān)測(cè)的典型室內(nèi)環(huán)境,即吸煙辦公室、打印辦公室、住宅、多人辦公室、單人辦公室、實(shí)驗(yàn)室。2.研究中典型室內(nèi)環(huán)境空氣中PM2.5濃度范圍為18.75~121.11μg·m-3,室外濃度范圍是55.09~87.04μg·m-3;天氣狀況穩(wěn)定時(shí),周末的外出活動(dòng)會(huì)使室外PM2.5濃度顯著升高。吸煙辦公室與打印辦公室內(nèi)PM2.5平均濃度分別是日均濃度限值的1.48倍和1.35,污染程度較重,建議采取加強(qiáng)通風(fēng)、控制室內(nèi)源的排放等措施來(lái)減少污染。3.研究測(cè)得OC/EC與水溶性離子是PM2.5的主要組成成分,所占比例較大,分別為17.27~41.58%與6.91~23.80%,由OC/EC比值分析得出實(shí)驗(yàn)室與單人辦公室中存在著活躍的二次污染過(guò)程。水溶性離子占PM2.5濃度的6.91~23.80%,其中濃度最高的SO42-占總離子的20.16~62.37%,三種親水性較強(qiáng)離子之和占總離子濃度的77.24~89.56%,由SO42-、NO3-、Na+、Cl-、K+良好的相關(guān)系數(shù)分析它們可能來(lái)自相同的固定污染源。4.室內(nèi)PM2.5中金屬元素平均濃度順序?yàn)?FeZnAlVAsMnCrPbSeSbNiCd,所有樣品的As元素濃度超標(biāo)嚴(yán)重,Pb含量低于平均濃度限值。運(yùn)用相關(guān)分析和主成分分析表明大部分元素之間都具有明顯的相關(guān)性,金屬元素來(lái)源于周?chē)墓I(yè)區(qū)、交通源以及燃燒源。PM2.5中多環(huán)芳烴的濃度范圍為0.38~8.57ng·m-3,且低環(huán)多環(huán)芳烴占絕大部分,其中Acy、Ace、DahA單體均為檢出,Phe、Ant、BaA少量檢出。通過(guò)多環(huán)芳烴化合物比值粗略判斷室內(nèi)環(huán)境主要受煤燃燒源與石油類燃燒源影響,室外大氣中主要存在煤燃燒源影響。5.研究中參照EPA推薦的毒性當(dāng)量法測(cè)得典型室內(nèi)PAHs的毒性當(dāng)量范圍為0.0004~0.6218ng·m-3,人群的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值范圍為8.12×10-9~1.33×10-5,屬于可接受范圍。參考暴露手冊(cè),估算出典型室內(nèi)空氣中PAHs通過(guò)呼吸暴露對(duì)人群造成的預(yù)期壽命損失,打印辦公室最高達(dá)82.92min,室外為5.67min。由于人群、地區(qū)、個(gè)人生活、飲食習(xí)慣等巨大差異,研究中的估算結(jié)果可能會(huì)與我國(guó)人群的實(shí)際情況存在一定差異,這也增加了只通過(guò)呼吸暴露導(dǎo)致的終生致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的不確定性,因此本研究可視為對(duì)廣州市典型室內(nèi)環(huán)境中人體通過(guò)呼吸暴露所致的PAHs健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的初步評(píng)估。
[Abstract]:Fine particles (PM2.5) with small particle size, large surface area, easy accumulation of toxic and harmful substances and exist for a long time, and the content changes in ambient air and so on, PM2.5 can breathe into the lungs and cardiovascular and serious harm to human health, because of the concentration of PM2.5, the study of pollution the characteristics and population exposure risk has attracted wide attention of scholars at home and abroad. Now more than 80% people in the society of the time spent indoors, the statistics show that some indoor air PM2.5 concentration may be greater than the outdoor and indoor, because the level of fine particulate matter pollution and human health more closely. Our city air PM2.5 serious pollution, population exposure and health risk assessment is not clear, the problem of prevention and control capacity is weak, the research on PM2.5 pollution prevention and control of atmospheric pollution in a hot topic, but few A public indoor PM2.5 pollution characteristics, research on human harm degree of depth. This research has obtained the time - Guangzhou city residents activity patterns and health information through the questionnaire survey, and selected the typical indoor micro environment, monitoring and analysis of six kinds of typical PM2.5 concentration in indoor air environment change analysis and discusses the pollution characteristics of typical indoor fine particles and its physicochemical properties, the evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical indoor environment in the air (PAHs) exposure process leads to human health risk through breathing. The main research conclusions are as follows: 1. according to the results of the questionnaire survey, the proportion of time spent indoors with the crowd, screened for typical indoor environment monitoring, namely smoking in the office, printing office, residential, office people, single office, laboratory of.2. research in typical indoor environment in the air PM2.5 concentration Range 18.75~121.11 ~ g ~ M-3, outdoor concentration is in the range of 55.09~87.04 ~ g ~ M-3; the weather condition is stable, the weekend outing will make the outdoor PM2.5 concentration increased significantly. The office smoking in the office and printing PM2.5 average concentration are the limit value of daily average concentration of 1.48 times and 1.35, the pollution degree is heavy, recommended to strengthen the control of indoor ventilation, source emissions and other measures to reduce the pollution of OC/EC and.3. measured the water soluble ions is the main component of PM2.5, a larger proportion of 17.27~41.58% and 6.91~23.80%, respectively, by OC/EC ratio analysis there are two pollution processes active was out of the Office and laboratory single water soluble. The ion concentration of 6.91~23.80% PM2.5, one of the highest concentrations of SO42- total ion 20.16~62.37%, three kinds of hydrophilic ions and the total ion concentration of 77.24~89.56% by SO42-, NO3-, Na+, Cl-, K+ A good correlation coefficient to analysis their possible metal elements fixed pollution source.4. indoor PM2.5 from the same average concentration of the order: FeZnAlVAsMnCrPbSeSbNiCd, As concentration in all samples exceed the standard seriously, the Pb content is lower than the limit value of the average concentration. By using correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that most of the elements have obvious correlation between metal elements from. Around the industrial district, traffic source and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in combustion.PM2.5 concentration range of 0.38~8.57ng M-3, and the low ring PAHs accounted for most of them, Acy, Ace, DahA monomer were detected, Phe, Ant, BaA. A small amount of detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the ratio of roughly determine the indoor environment is mainly affected by coal combustion the source of petroleum and combustion sources, the effect of.5. coal combustion source recommended by EPA TEQ measured by PAHs are the typical indoor outdoor atmosphere The toxic equivalent range of 0.0004~0.6218ng - M-3, the risk of value was in the range of 8.12 * 10-9~1.33 * 10-5, which belongs to the range of acceptable exposure. Reference manual, PAHs estimated the typical indoor air through the respiratory exposure caused by the loss of life expectancy of the population, up to 82.92min printing office, outside the 5.67min. area because of the crowd, and personal life eating habits, great differences in the study of the estimation results, there may be some difference with the actual situation of China's population, which also increased only by exposure to respiratory cancer risk assessment of uncertainty, so this research can be regarded as a preliminary assessment of the typical human indoor environment in Guangzhou city by PAHs respiratory health risk exposure by.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X513;X823

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王佳;鄭君瑜;;廣州大學(xué)城學(xué)生PM_(2.5)暴露水平研究[J];中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué);2013年S1期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周斌;多環(huán)芳烴人群呼吸暴露量的模型分析及相關(guān)肺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)估算[D];清華大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1377877