本文關(guān)鍵詞：長(zhǎng)江三角洲區(qū)域大氣顆粒物水溶性離子和元素粒徑譜特征研究　出處：《南京信息工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū) 水溶性離子 化學(xué)元素 季節(jié)分布 粒徑分布 區(qū)域污染

【摘要】：近幾十年來(lái)長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)作為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最快、工業(yè)化和城市化最為迅速的地區(qū),大氣環(huán)境污染日益加重,尤其城市霾天氣日益增多。同時(shí)由于大氣顆粒物對(duì)氣候、環(huán)境和人體健康影響很大,水溶性無(wú)機(jī)離子和化學(xué)元素又是其中的重要化學(xué)組成,因此研究水溶性離子的季節(jié)分布、譜峰分布及其來(lái)源對(duì)于大氣氣溶膠的發(fā)展有極其深遠(yuǎn)的意義,同時(shí)研究水溶性離子的理化特征可深入認(rèn)識(shí)顆粒物的健康效應(yīng)及氣候效應(yīng),研究區(qū)域顆粒物來(lái)源可為政府制定有效污染控制措施提供合理的科學(xué)依據(jù)。本研究主要在我國(guó)長(zhǎng)江三角洲典型地區(qū),于2012年10月-2013年7月利用Andersen分級(jí)采樣器采集了杭州、蘇州、臨安、南京的大氣顆粒物樣品,利用離子色譜儀分析無(wú)機(jī)水溶性離子,使用電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜儀ICP-MS分析金屬元素,進(jìn)一步闡述了長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)水溶性無(wú)機(jī)離子及元素的污染特征和時(shí)空變化規(guī)律,并提出了防治控制措施。結(jié)果表明：長(zhǎng)三角四個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)水溶性離子質(zhì)量濃度是在細(xì)粒子中的含量遠(yuǎn)大于在粗粒子中的含量。細(xì)粒子中水溶性離子質(zhì)量濃度ρ(WSIs)冬季秋季春季夏季。細(xì)粒子中p(WSIs)南京蘇州杭州臨安。各觀測(cè)點(diǎn)粗、細(xì)粒子中均為二次離子S042-、NO3-和NH4+所占比例最多。且所有監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)細(xì)粒子中二次離子質(zhì)量濃度均呈現(xiàn)出ρ(SAN)冬季秋季春季夏季。二次離子占細(xì)粒子中總水溶性的比例也最高,分別為南京91.6%、蘇州90.2%、臨安90.6%、杭州85.2%。按照各種離子粒徑分布相似性,可以把長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)四個(gè)典型城市水溶性離子粒徑分布分為4類：1、細(xì)模態(tài)離子NH4+峰值出現(xiàn)在0.43～0.65μm;2、粗模態(tài)離子Ca2+,Mg2+峰值出現(xiàn)在4.7～5.8μm;3、雙模態(tài)離子Cl-,SO42-,NO3-峰值出現(xiàn)在0.43～1.1μm和4.7～5.8μm;4.三模態(tài)離子Na+,K+峰值出現(xiàn)在0.43～0.65μm.2.1～3.3μm.4.7～5.8μm。長(zhǎng)三角四個(gè)典型城市均發(fā)現(xiàn)二次離子SAN(S042-N03-、NH4+)發(fā)生模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移。均呈現(xiàn)SAN有由春季、夏季的0.43～0.651am處出現(xiàn)峰值,而冬季在0.65～1.1μm處出現(xiàn)峰值。呈現(xiàn)出由凝結(jié)模態(tài)向液滴模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢(shì)。濕度可能是發(fā)生這種轉(zhuǎn)移的主要影響因素。也可能冬季大氣顆粒物中硫酸鹽、硝酸鹽液滴模態(tài)比重較高,是由于冬季硫酸鹽主要為北方輸送過(guò)來(lái)的,遠(yuǎn)距離輸送過(guò)程中硫酸鹽吸濕增長(zhǎng),而夏、秋季節(jié)局地生成的硫酸鹽更多。通過(guò)主成分分析可知,杭州春季污染物主要是二次污染物以及燃燒源,代表混合了燃燒源的人為污染源。冬季污染物的生成與累積與生物質(zhì)燃燒和城市揚(yáng)塵有關(guān)的排放過(guò)程有關(guān)。蘇州地區(qū)主成分分析表明春季污染類型為工業(yè)排放、燃煤排放。夏季污染類型特征不明顯。秋季為土壤揚(yáng)塵、燃燒源和二次離子轉(zhuǎn)化共同組成的污染。冬季為混合了燃燒源的人為源為主要空氣污染類型。南京地區(qū)春季污染類型為二次轉(zhuǎn)化離子和汽車尾氣排放,必須控制燃煤的燃燒和機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣的排放。冬季污染類型為生物質(zhì)燃燒、地表土壤塵。秋季秸稈燃燒影響較大夏季水溶性離子分布顯著特征就是受海鹽影響。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the Yangtze River Delta region of China's economic development as the fastest, most rapid local industrialization and city, atmospheric environmental pollution, especially city haze weather is increasing. At the same time because of atmospheric particles on climate, environment and human health impact, water soluble inorganic ions and chemical elements is also important the seasonal distribution of chemical, so the study of water soluble ions, spectrum distribution and source have profound significance for the development of atmospheric aerosol, health effects and climate effects can be in-depth understanding of particles and Study on physicochemical characteristics of water soluble ions in the study area, the source of particulate matter can provide a reasonable scientific basis for the government to formulate effective pollution control measures. This research mainly in typical areas in China Yangtze River Delta, in October 2012 -2013 year in July by the Andersen grading sampler in Hangzhou Suzhou, Ling'an, Nanjing, atmospheric particulate samples, analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions by ion chromatograph analysis of metal elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP-MS, further elaborated in the Yangtze River Delta region of water soluble inorganic ions and elements of the air pollution changes and characteristics, and puts forward the control measures. The results showed that: ion concentration in Yangtze River Delta four water content in monitoring solution is far greater than the content of fine particles in coarse particles. The fine particles of water soluble ions concentration of P (WSIs) in winter spring and summer autumn. In fine particles of P (WSIs) Nanjing Suzhou Hangzhou Ling'an. The observation point is thick, two S042- ions in fine particles, NO3- and NH4+ accounted for the largest proportion. And all the monitoring points of fine particles in the two ion concentration showed P (SAN) in winter spring and summer autumn. Two times the total ion fine particles dissolved in water The highest proportion of 91.6%, respectively, Nanjing, Suzhou 90.2%, Ling'an 90.6%, Hangzhou 85.2%. according to various kinds of ion size distribution similarity, can take the Yangtze River Delta region four typical city water soluble ion particle size distribution is divided into 4 categories: 1, fine mode NH4+ ion peak in 0.43 ~ 0.65 m; 2 coarse, modal ion Ca2+, Mg2+ peak appeared at 4.7 ~ 5.8 m; 3, dual mode ion Cl-, SO42-, NO3- peak appeared at 0.43 ~ 1.1 m and 4.7 ~ 5.8 m; 4. three modal ion Na+, K+ peak appeared at 0.43 ~ 0.65 m.2.1 ~ 3.3 m.4.7 ~ 5.8 M. the four typical city were found in two (S042-N03-, NH4+) SAN ion mode showed SAN transfer. By the spring, the summer of 0.43 ~ 0.651am peak, and the winter in 0.65 ~ 1.1 m peak. Showing a shift from condensation mode to the droplet mode humidity may trend. This is mainly the transfer of May also influence factors. In the winter of particulate sulfate and nitrate in droplet mode is due to a higher proportion of winter is mainly transported north of sulfate, long-distance transportation in the process of sulfate and hygroscopic growth, while summer and autumn produced more local sulfate. Through principal component analysis, the main pollutants in spring in Hangzhou is the two pollutants and the source of combustion, on behalf of a mixture of man-made pollution source combustion source. Winter pollutant generation and accumulation and biomass burning and dust emissions of city process. Principal component analysis shows that Suzhou area spring pollution type for industrial emissions, emissions from coal-fired pollution types. Summer features are not obvious. Autumn soil dust, pollution from combustion and two common components. The ions into winter mixed combustion sources of anthropogenic air pollution as the main types of pollution types in Nanjing region in spring. For the two time of transformation of ion and vehicle exhaust, we must control the combustion of coal and vehicle exhaust. The types of pollution in winter are biomass burning and surface soil dust. The burning of autumn straw has a great influence on the distribution of water-soluble ions in summer, which is influenced by sea salt.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X513

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