本文關(guān)鍵詞：多孔材料與微生物結(jié)合去除廢水中重金屬的研究　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 多孔材料 酵母工程菌 重金屬廢水

【摘要】：隨著我國工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,重金屬污染的速度已日趨加重。如重金屬鎘、汞、鉛等具有較強(qiáng)的生物毒性,而這些重金屬在正常環(huán)境下較為穩(wěn)定,短時間內(nèi)難以被降解。這些重金屬能長期蓄積在生物體內(nèi),不易排出可通過食物鏈對人體健康造成更大的潛在危害。因此,如何有效的處理工業(yè)重金屬污染廢水已成為環(huán)境工程領(lǐng)域一個亟需解決的問題。在全面綜述生物吸附材料在吸附重金屬的理論和技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上,本文對多孔材料和酵母工程菌在吸附和聯(lián)合吸附鎘、汞、鉛等重金屬離子的能力進(jìn)行多組研究。首先用多孔材料活性炭、天然沸石、蒙脫石來分別對含不同濃度的鎘、鉛、汞重金屬廢水進(jìn)行吸附試驗,通過對吸附結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：活性炭對汞的吸附效果最好,天然沸石對鉛的吸附效果最好,蒙脫石對鎘的吸附效果最好,并確定在試驗濃度范圍內(nèi),多孔材料對鎘、鉛、汞離子的吸附都能符合Langmuir和Freundlich等溫吸附方程式,吸附擬合性很好。其次,本試驗選用對重金屬具有較強(qiáng)吸附能力的酵母工程菌,通過試驗確定出酵母工程菌對鎘、鉛、汞重金屬混合廢水的吸附的最佳條件參數(shù)：初始pH值、吸附時間、重金屬離子初始濃度、酵母工程菌用量等。實驗結(jié)果表明：pH值為4.0時對鎘、鉛、汞重金屬離子的去除效果最佳,在30分鐘左右均達(dá)到吸附平衡狀態(tài)；酵母工程菌在用量為4g時對重金屬廢水的吸附效果最佳。且酵母工程菌的吸附過程符合準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)模式,有很好的擬合效果。由于游離的菌種處理重金屬廢水的穩(wěn)定性較差,且處理周期較短、效果并不理想,因此,本文運(yùn)用固定化微生物技術(shù),將酵母工程菌與多孔材料結(jié)合共同處理含鎘、鉛、汞的重金屬廢水。試驗以后,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蒙脫石與酵母工程菌結(jié)合去除廢水中重金屬的效果最佳,對汞和鉛的去除效率可達(dá)到95%以上。比單獨運(yùn)用多孔材料吸附和酵母工程菌去除重金屬的效率提高了很多。并用準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)模式對聯(lián)合吸附過程進(jìn)行分析,建立了準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)模型,經(jīng)驗證在一定時間范圍內(nèi),此模型能夠滿足蒙脫石與酵母工程菌結(jié)合去除重金屬廢水的模擬預(yù)測要求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry in China, the pollution rate of heavy metals has become increasingly serious, such as cadmium, mercury, lead and other heavy metals have strong biological toxicity, and these heavy metals in the normal environment is more stable. These heavy metals can be accumulated in organisms for a long time and can not easily be excreted through the food chain to cause greater potential harm to human health. How to effectively treat industrial heavy metal polluted wastewater has become an urgent problem in the field of environmental engineering. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the theory and technology of adsorption of heavy metals by biosorption materials. In this paper, the ability of porous materials and yeast engineering bacteria to adsorb cadmium, mercury, lead and other heavy metal ions was studied. Firstly, activated carbon and natural zeolite were used as porous materials. Montmorillonite respectively contains different concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury heavy metal wastewater adsorption experiments, through the analysis of adsorption results found: activated carbon adsorption of mercury is the best. The adsorption effect of natural zeolite to lead is the best, and that of montmorillonite to cadmium is the best, and it is determined that the porous material can adsorb cadmium and lead in the range of experimental concentration. The adsorption of mercury ions can accord with the isothermal adsorption equations of Langmuir and Freundlich, and the adsorption fit is very good. Secondly. In this experiment, yeast engineering bacteria with strong adsorption capacity for heavy metals were selected, and the optimal conditions for the adsorption of cadmium, lead and mercury heavy metal wastewater by yeast engineering bacteria were determined: initial pH value. The adsorption time, the initial concentration of heavy metal ions, the amount of yeast engineering bacteria and so on. The experimental results show that the removal efficiency of cadmium, lead and mercury heavy metal ions is the best when the pH value is 4.0. The adsorption equilibrium was reached at about 30 minutes. The adsorption effect of yeast engineering bacteria on heavy metal wastewater was the best when the dosage was 4 g, and the adsorption process of yeast engineering bacteria was in accordance with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. Because the stability of the free bacteria treatment of heavy metal wastewater is poor, and the treatment period is short, the effect is not ideal, so the immobilized microorganism technology is used in this paper. Yeast engineering bacteria combined with porous materials to treat heavy metal wastewater containing cadmium lead mercury. After the experiment we found that montmorillonite combined with yeast engineering bacteria removal of heavy metals in wastewater is the best. The removal efficiency of mercury and lead can reach more than 95%, which is much higher than that of using porous materials alone and yeast engineering bacteria to remove heavy metals. The combined adsorption process is analyzed by quasi-second-order kinetic model. . A quasi-second-order kinetic model was established. It was proved that the model could meet the requirements of simulation and prediction of montmorillonite combined with yeast engineering bacteria in the removal of heavy metal wastewater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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本文編號：1376402