發(fā)布時間：2018-01-02 20:36

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：重金屬元素在污泥-蚯蚓-蚯蚓糞中的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化研究　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 污泥 蚯蚓 重金屬元素 遷移轉(zhuǎn)化

【摘要】：近年來,伴隨著我國城市規(guī)模的快速擴張,城市污水處理廠的污水處理容量大幅增長,生活污水在城市污水處理廠得到了凈化,而其中的各自污染物大部分遺留在污泥中,污泥成了污水中各種污染物的“收容所”。作為污水處理的副產(chǎn)品——污泥,正在成為新的環(huán)境隱患。科學(xué)處理和合理利用污泥是目前城市污水處理的最后一環(huán),也是亟待解決的關(guān)鍵問題。論文依托四川省環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院承擔(dān)的《四川省城市生活污水處理廠污泥特性及實用處置技術(shù)研究》課題,探索和研究城市生活污泥處理處置工藝技術(shù)中利用污泥養(yǎng)殖蚯蚓過程中重金屬元素遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律。利用污泥養(yǎng)殖蚯蚓,此過程不但能飼養(yǎng)出有經(jīng)濟價值的蚯蚓成品,而且蚯蚓具有很強的消化能力,它在酶類和好氧微生物的協(xié)同代謝作用下,通過砂囊、消化道對污泥進行分解、轉(zhuǎn)化,消耗污泥中的有機質(zhì),排出酸堿中性、水氣調(diào)和、孔隙率高的具團粒結(jié)構(gòu)的蚯蚓糞,使污泥脫水化、穩(wěn)定化、除臭化、無害化、資源化。在這個轉(zhuǎn)化過程中,重金屬元素在污泥處理前后不同樣品中的變化規(guī)律對于該項技術(shù)的實際應(yīng)用有重要評價作用。論文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過實地采樣、和實驗分析,查明了成都市周邊八處生活污水處理廠的污泥樣品中重金屬元素的特征,對比研究了兩處實驗區(qū)所用污泥樣品處理前后的重金屬元素變化規(guī)律,探討了蚯蚓在不同生理階段體內(nèi)重金屬元素含量以及吸收富集規(guī)律,并進行了質(zhì)量評價。通過研究,取得以下成果和認(rèn)識:1、污泥樣品的pH值介于5.62至6.71,有機質(zhì)平均含量為46%,污泥樣品中重金屬元素的變異系數(shù)大小關(guān)系為:ZnCuCrPbNiCdAsHg。各污水處理廠的污泥重金屬含量變化較大,與城市規(guī)劃布局差異和環(huán)境背景有關(guān),龍泉驛區(qū)的多家電鍍企業(yè)和雙流的皮革染料企業(yè),可能是導(dǎo)致Zn、Cr等重金屬元素含量在轄區(qū)污水處理廠產(chǎn)生的污泥中偏高的原因。2、參照《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污泥處置農(nóng)用污泥》(CJ/T309-2009)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),W01(雙流1)、W02(雙流2)、W04(成都市)、W05(郫縣)、W07(德陽)六個樣品的污泥可以滿足B級農(nóng)用污泥標(biāo)準(zhǔn),W03(溫江)、W06(金堂)和Ws(雙流實驗區(qū))樣品的污泥重金屬含量滿足表可以滿足A級污泥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行農(nóng)用,Wj(溫江實驗區(qū))污泥樣品重金屬含量不滿足農(nóng)用污泥的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),只能作為園林綠化使用;W08(龍泉驛)污泥Zn含量過高,不能進行土地利用。處理后的蚯蚓糞Fj、Fs的pH值上升,有機質(zhì)含量下降,重金屬元素含量明顯降低,兩處樣品中重金屬元素含量都滿足農(nóng)用A級污泥標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且重金屬含量大幅低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的限值。3、污泥樣品中重金屬元素Hg、Pb、As、Cr的化學(xué)形態(tài)分布以殘渣態(tài)為主,生物可利用性差。而Zn、Ni、Cd元素的化學(xué)形態(tài)中水溶態(tài)、碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)、腐殖酸結(jié)合態(tài)占比較高,生物可利用性較好。在利用蚯蚓處理后,Cd、Pb、Cu的生物可利用性有所增強,As、Hg、Cr、Zn的變化不明顯,其中As、Hg、Cr的仍然以殘渣態(tài)為主,生物可利用性低。4、污泥和蚯蚓糞中各重金屬元素的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險危害程度從大到小依次為:CdCuHgAsZnPbNiCr。處理前的污泥潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險危害為很強或中等。處理后蚯蚓糞的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險危害降為輕微。對潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)(RI)的值貢獻較大的是Cd、Hg。結(jié)合重金屬元素含量及化學(xué)形態(tài)特征,污泥和蚯蚓糞中的Cd因其含量高、生物可利用性強、潛在生態(tài)危險性大,是最應(yīng)重視的重金屬元素。5、利用蚯蚓處置污泥過程中,相比蚯蚓糞中重金屬的含量,蚯蚓對Cd、Pb表現(xiàn)出了生物富集作用,蚯蚓對污泥中各種重金屬元素吸收能力從強到弱依次為:CdPbAsHgCuZnNiCr。在蚯蚓的成長過程中(幼蚓-若蚓-成蚓)重金屬元素含量總體逐漸升高。若蚓-成蚓期的蚯蚓對Zn吸收速率相比幼蚓-若蚓期增高,而對Pb和Cr的吸收速率略有降低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid expansion of city scale, city sewage treatment plant sewage treatment capacity increased significantly, the sewage in the city sewage treatment plant was purified, and most of them left in the respective pollutants in sludge, sewage sludge into various pollutants in the shelter. As for sewage treatment a by-product of sludge, is becoming a new environmental problems. Scientific and reasonable utilization of sludge treatment is currently the city sewage treatment at the end of a ring, it is also a key problem to be solved. Based on the assumed Environmental Science Research Institute of Sichuan province "in Sichuan province city life sludge characteristics and practical disposal technology of the sewage treatment project", explore study on city life and heavy metal sludge sludge treatment and disposal technology in breeding by earthworms in the process of migration. The use of sludge earthworm, this The process can not only raise the economic value of earthworms and earthworm products, has a strong ability to digest it in cooperative metabolism enzymes and aerobic microorganisms, through the digestive tract of gizzard, decomposition, transformation of sludge, consumption of organic matter in the sludge discharge, acid and alkali, water and granular structure, porosity the vermicompost, the sludge dewatering and deodorization, stabilization, harmless, resource. In the process, the variation in heavy metal elements in different samples of sludge before and after treatment for practical applications of this technology have an important role in the evaluation. On the basis of previous studies, through field sampling, and experimental analysis, the characteristics of heavy metal around the city of Chengdu eight sewage treatment plant sludge samples and identify the comparative study of the two experimentation area with heavy metal sludge samples before and after treatment Changes of earthworms in the content of heavy metals in different physiological stages and the law of absorption and accumulation, and the quality evaluation. Through the research, conclusions are as follows: 1. The pH value of sludge samples ranged from 5.62 to 6.71, the average content of organic matter was 46%, heavy metals in sludge samples of the coefficient of variation relationship ZnCuCrPbNiCdAsHg.: the sewage treatment plant sludge heavy metal content varied greatly, and city planning layout difference and background, a number of electroplating enterprises in Longquanyi district and Shuangliu leather dye enterprises, may lead to Zn,.2 Cr and other reasons for the high content of heavy metal elements in the area of sewage treatment plant sludge, reference < factory sludge disposal sludge of urban sewage treatment (> CJ/T309-2009) standard, W01 (double 1), W02 (double 2), W04 (Chengdu), W05 (Pixian), W07 (Deyang) six samples of sludge In order to meet the B standard of agricultural sludge, W03 (Wenjiang), W06 (Jintang) and Ws (double experimentation area) content of heavy metals in sludge samples meet the table can meet the standard of class a sludge farm, Wj (Wenjiang experimentation area) of heavy metals in sludge samples do not meet the standard of agricultural sludge, only as landscaping; W08 (Longquanyi) sludge Zn content is too high, not for land use. The vermicompost after Fj treatment, Fs pH value, organic matter content decreased, the content of heavy metals decreased significantly, the content of heavy metals in the two samples all meet the standard of agricultural grade sludge, and the heavy metal content is significantly lower than in the standard limit of.3, heavy metal sludge the samples of Hg, Pb, As, Cr in the chemical speciation of residual iiifraction bioavailability. Zn, Ni, Cd elements of the chemical form of water soluble, carbonate bound, humic acid bound accounted for a higher bioavailability The better. In the use of earthworms, Cd, Pb, Cu bioavailability increased, As, Hg, Cr, Zn did not change significantly, including As, Hg, Cr are mainly in residual fraction. The low bioavailability of.4, the potential ecological risk of heavy metals harm degree sludge and vermicompost from large to small is as follows: the potential ecological risk of sludge harm before CdCuHgAsZnPbNiCr. treatment for high or medium. After the treatment of the potential ecological risk of vermicompost hazard is reduced slightly. The potential ecological risk index (RI) value of the contribution is Cd, Hg. combined with the contents of heavy metals and chemical morphological characteristics of sludge and vermicompost in Cd because of its high content of bioavailability and potential ecological risk of heavy metals, is the most should pay attention to the.5, sludge disposal by using earthworm, compared the content of heavy metal in vermicompost, earthworm on Cd, Pb showed biological Enrichment of heavy metals in sludge earthworm absorption capacity were from strong to weak CdPbAsHgCuZnNiCr. in the growth process of earthworm (juvenile - earthworm - if the earthworm into) the contents of heavy metals increased gradually. If the overall - Yinqi earthworm on Zn absorption rate compared to juvenile - if the earthworm period increased, and the absorption rate of Pb and Cr decreased slightly.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703;X174

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條

1 徐爭啟;倪師軍;庹先國;張成江;;潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法評價中重金屬毒性系數(shù)計算[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2008年02期

2 翟萬林;龍江平;;沉積物重金屬污染評價方法對比——以上海崇明東灘為例[J];貴陽學(xué)院學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2010年03期

3 鄭紀(jì)慈,俞林火,景金富,王恩義,嚴(yán)達志;城市污泥的水稻肥用效果及環(huán)境影響的研究[J];環(huán)境導(dǎo)報;2000年04期

4 郝以瓊,丁文川;關(guān)于重慶城市污水污泥的處理處置問題[J];重慶建筑大學(xué)學(xué)報;1999年06期

5 雷鳴;廖柏寒;秦普豐;;土壤重金屬化學(xué)形態(tài)的生物可利用性評價[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境;2007年05期

6 孫敏捷;林昌源;叢昊燃;段崇東;彭生平;;通遼市污水廠150t/d污泥處理工程設(shè)計[J];資源節(jié)約與環(huán)保;2014年12期

，

本文編號：1370842