本文關鍵詞：高寒區(qū)鐵路機務段污水的微生物復合處理工藝及其機理分析　出處：《蘭州交通大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 高寒區(qū) 微生物法 機務段 污水處理 工藝 機理

【摘要】：眾所周知,我國水資源雖然總量大,居于世界第六位,但是由于人口眾多和分布不均以至人均水占有量不足世界人均水平的25%。21世紀以來,全球經(jīng)濟飛速發(fā)展,人口也在不斷增多,加之人類用水的不科學和水環(huán)境污染的日益嚴重,全世界對淡水的需求和消耗與日俱增。水環(huán)境污染和水資源短缺是現(xiàn)在全世界亟待解決困擾人類生活的兩個重大問題,尤其在一些人口眾多,處于發(fā)展中的國家和地區(qū)尤為嚴重。高寒區(qū)是我國主要的淡水湖泊、河流的發(fā)源地,其地理位置特殊,對其生態(tài)環(huán)境及水資源進行研究和保護,具有非常重要的經(jīng)濟和社會意義。近年來,在我國西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的帶動下,尤其是青藏鐵路和新藏鐵路的修建,沿途產(chǎn)生的機務段污水也越來越多。本研究在查閱和分析大量相關資料的基礎上,以地處高寒區(qū)的西寧鐵路機務段產(chǎn)生的污水作為研究對象,通過分析污水中BOD、COD、SS、TN、TP、NH3-N、LAS、pH、石油類等污染指標,了解鐵路機務段污水的污染程度和特點,采用微生物法與物理方法結合的復合處理技術,研究設計出一條適合高寒區(qū)鐵路機務段污水處理的技術工藝,并進行了其中關鍵技術研究,達到節(jié)能減排、操作簡便、高效低成本、污水循環(huán)利用的目的。本研究主要取得如下研究成果:(1)通過國標方法對污水樣品中的BOD5、COD、SS、TN、TP、NH3-N、LAS、pH、石油類等污染指標進行了測定分析,獲得了西寧鐵路機務段污水污染狀況的一手數(shù)據(jù),了解和掌握了污水樣品的污染程度和污染特點,為后續(xù)研究工作的開展提供了重要依據(jù)。(2)根據(jù)西寧鐵路機務段污水的污染狀況和污染特點,研究設計出了高寒區(qū)鐵路機務段污水處理的工藝路線,研究確定了其中關鍵技術和方法的應用,并對相關參數(shù)進行了計算和設計。(3)通過微生物分離、純化技術從采集的污泥樣品和土壤樣品中共得到66種微生物菌株,其中真菌25種,細菌41種。通過菌群配制研究得到4個菌群組合,并對4個菌群的污水處理效果進行了研究,結果顯示,混合菌群(H3)的污水處理效果最佳。(4)開展了天然、低成本活性吸附材料對污水處理的效果研究,研究了爐渣、活性炭和石英砂的不同組合對污水的處理效果,結果顯示爐渣—石英砂—活性炭組合的污水處理效果最好。(5)采用污泥馴化法進行了好氧和厭氧活性污泥馴化研究。在10℃~20℃之間在普通曝氣條件下,經(jīng)過36天72次的循環(huán)運行,完成好氧活性污泥的馴化,并對污泥菌群的污水處理效果及其優(yōu)勢菌種的組成、污水處理機理進行了研究,結果顯示,該活性污泥中的優(yōu)勢細菌為21種,優(yōu)勢真菌為20種。對21種優(yōu)勢細菌進行了16S rDNA鑒定,其中部分優(yōu)勢菌種分別為:芽孢桿菌屬的枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis),芽孢桿菌屬的蘇云金芽孢桿菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),芽孢桿菌屬的漠海威芽孢桿菌(Bacillus mojavensis),芽孢桿菌屬的根結線蟲芽孢桿菌(Bacillus toyonensis),芽孢桿菌屬的地衣芽孢桿菌(Bacillus licheniformis),芽孢桿菌屬的沙福芽孢桿菌(Bacillus safensis),假單胞桿菌屬的維羅納假單胞菌(Pseudomonas veronii),腸桿菌屬的霍氏腸桿菌(Enterobacter hormaechei),勒克氏菌屬的非脫羧勒克菌(Leclercia adecarboxylata),并且構建了其系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹。分析結果表明,優(yōu)勢菌種的污水處理機理主要是脫氮、除磷和除油。(6)進行了實驗室水平的污水放大處理及工藝組合試驗研究,結果顯示,污水處理后其出水指標全部達到國家《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標準》(GB18918-2002)一級B標準,其中總氮、懸浮物和氨氮達到一級A標準。有待進一步進行中試和生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的試驗研究。綜上結果表明,本項研究中采用微生物復合處理方法、技術對高寒區(qū)鐵路機務段污水進行處理,處理效果良好,出水達到了國家《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標準》(GB18918-2002)一級B標準,能夠實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排、污水循環(huán)利用的目的,且操作簡便、高效低成本。
[Abstract]:As everyone knows, although the total amount of water resources in China, the sixth highest in the world, but due to the large population and uneven distribution of water and per capita possession of less than the world average of 25%.21 century, the rapid development of global economy, the population is also growing, and human water is not scientific and water environmental pollution is increasingly serious, the demand of fresh water consumption in the world and grow with each passing day. Water pollution and water shortage is now all over the world to solve two major problems of human life, especially in some large population, developing countries and regions is particularly serious. In major freshwater lakes in China, the birthplace of the river, its geographical location special, to research and protect the ecological environment and water resources, has a very important economic and social significance. In recent years, in China's western development strategy driven, especially The Qinghai Tibet railway and Tibet railway, locomotive depot sewage is also more and more along the way. The basis of this study have access and analyze large amounts of data on the produced in Xining is located in railway locomotive depot wastewater as the research object, through the analysis of the sewage in BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP, NH3-N LAS, pH, etc., the petroleum pollution indicators, understand the railway sewage pollution degree and characteristics of composite processing technology by microbiological method and physical method combined with the design of a suitable technology for wastewater treatment in railway locomotive depot, and studied the key technology to achieve energy saving, simple operation high efficiency and low cost, and the sewage recycling. The main research results are as follows: (1) through the standard method of wastewater samples of BOD5, COD, SS, TN, TP, NH3-N, LAS, pH, such as oil pollution index Analysis of the determination, won the Xining railway depot sewage pollution situation first-hand data, understand and grasp the degree of pollution and pollution characteristics of sewage samples, provides an important basis for carrying out the follow-up research work. (2) according to the Xining railway depot sewage pollution status and pollution characteristics of design process sewage treatment in Railway locomotive depot, studied the application of the key technologies and methods, and the related parameters were calculated and designed. (3) by microbial isolation, purification from the collected sludge samples and soil samples the 66 microbial strains, including 25 species of fungi, 41 species of bacteria was 4. A study of bacterial flora composition through the preparation, and on the sewage treatment effect of 4 bacteria were studied. The results showed that the mixed bacteria (H3) sewage treatment effect is the best. (4) carried out a natural, low cost Active adsorption material for the study of the effect of sewage treatment, the slag, activated carbon and quartz sand of different combinations on the sewage treatment effect, the results indicated that the best effect of sewage treatment of slag and quartz sand activated carbon combination. (5) the sludge acclimation method of aerobic and anaerobic activated sludge acclimation between research. 10 DEG ~20 DEG in conventional aeration conditions, after 36 days of 72 cycles of operation, complete the acclimated aerobic activated sludge, and the composition of dominant species and the effect of sewage treatment sludge bacteria, wastewater treatment mechanism were studied. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the activated sludge are 21 kinds of advantage 20 kinds of fungi. 21 kinds of dominant bacteria were 16S rDNA identification, some dominant species were: Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thu Ringiensis), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus mojavensis Mo Haiwei), Bacillus subtilis root knot nematode (Bacillus toyonensis), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis), Suffolk Bacillus spp. bacillus (Bacillus safensis), Verona Pseudomonas genus Pseudomonas. (Pseudomonas veronii), Enterobacter hormaechei Enterobacter spp. (Enterobacter hormaechei), leclercia adecarboxylata Lekeshi spp. (Leclercia adecarboxylata), and their phylogenetic tree was constructed. The analysis results show that the wastewater treatment mechanism of dominant bacteria is mainly nitrogen, phosphorus removal and oil removal (6) carried out. Experimental research, combined sewage treatment and process amplification laboratory level results showed that the treated sewage effluent of the indicators all meet the national "urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard" (GB18918-2002 ) the level of B, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and suspended solids reached the first level A standard. To be a pilot study on the production scale and further progress. These results suggest that microbial compound treatment method used in this study, the technology of railroad depot sewage treatment, the treatment effect is good, the effluent can meet the emission the standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant > < state (GB18918-2002) level of B standard, to achieve energy-saving emission reduction, sewage recycling, and simple operation, high efficiency and low cost.

【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X731

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