本文關(guān)鍵詞：重金屬污染底泥堆肥改良及資源化利用　出處：《安徽建筑大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 底泥 重金屬 堆肥 資源化 蕹菜

【摘要】：河流污染問題逐漸得到人們的重視,在治理河流污染過程中清淤是一項(xiàng)常用而高效的治理手段,安全處置和利用清淤底泥是近些年環(huán)境保護(hù)領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)問題。本研究以南淝河不同流段底泥為研究對象,首先分析了底泥的物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì)和重金屬總量及重金屬各形態(tài)含量進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析,了解底泥的性質(zhì)和污染狀況,再利用堆肥對底泥進(jìn)行改良。然后選取改良效果最優(yōu)的底泥進(jìn)行盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證改良效果并進(jìn)一步研究種植條件下植物對改良底泥中重金屬形態(tài)的影響。通過研究,本文主要得出如下結(jié)論:兩河段底泥重金屬Cr、Cd含量相近,馬家渡段底泥總Pb含量高于鳳凰橋段底泥,總Cu含量低于鳳凰橋段底泥;馬家渡段底泥含沙量大,密度、容重高于鳳凰橋段底泥。通過堆肥可以達(dá)到改良底泥物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì),豐富底泥營養(yǎng)元素并使其能夠適宜植物生長的目的;堆肥摻合物是采用稻草秸稈和枯樹葉按質(zhì)量比1:1配制并經(jīng)發(fā)酵預(yù)處理后制成,以2%的質(zhì)量比將摻合物與底泥進(jìn)行堆肥可使得鳳凰橋和馬家渡底泥的綜合改良效果最佳。盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明鳳凰橋組蕹菜產(chǎn)量高于對照組蕹菜產(chǎn)量,而馬家渡組蕹菜產(chǎn)量低于對照組產(chǎn)量,鳳凰橋底泥的資源化利用價值更高。通過堆肥鳳凰橋底泥中酸可提取態(tài)Pb下降了53.1%,Cu下降了33.5%,Cr下降了53.1%,Cd下降了57.8%;可還原態(tài)Pb下降了22%,可還原態(tài)Cu下降了51.9%,可還原態(tài)Cd下降了50%,而可還原態(tài)Cr增加了47.2%。馬家渡組底泥中各重金屬的酸可提取態(tài)、可還原態(tài)含量也均有不同程度下降。這有利于降低底泥中重金屬的遷移能力和生物有效性。通過研究蕹菜生長對改良底泥中重金屬形態(tài)分布的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),蕹菜在生長初期會使得根際土壤的pH降低。p H降低會使得酸可提取態(tài)含量升高,但是在蕹菜根系富集作用下,根際和非根際底泥中酸可提取態(tài)重金屬含量呈下降趨勢。根際底泥中可還原態(tài)Pb、Cu含量增加幅度較為明顯,酸可提取態(tài)及可還原態(tài)Cr含量增加幅度不顯著,但是可氧化態(tài)Cr的含量降低的幅度比較明顯;在鳳凰橋組底泥中酸可提取態(tài)、可氧化態(tài)Cd降低,而可還原態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)含量升高;而在馬家渡組底泥中只有殘渣態(tài)Cd的含量表現(xiàn)為增加,其余三態(tài)Cd含量均下降。同時發(fā)現(xiàn)蕹菜根系會大量富集各種重金屬,植物根系會吸附一定量重金屬,而其中一部分向莖葉轉(zhuǎn)移,少部分會轉(zhuǎn)化成可還原態(tài)。蕹菜莖葉中重金屬含量與根系重金屬含量無正相關(guān)關(guān)系。種植30天蕹菜莖葉重金屬含量只有Cr超標(biāo),種植90天后Pb、Cr、Cd含量均超標(biāo)。鳳凰橋組蕹菜重金屬富集速度高于馬家渡組蕹菜的重金屬富集速度。在利用底泥栽培植物的過程中,植物根系有利于將重金屬吸附在上層底泥中。改良底泥中存在未分解的秸稈、纖維素等物質(zhì),這些物質(zhì)在后期腐爛分解的過程中可以進(jìn)一步吸附重金屬,從而降低底泥中金屬遷移能力。
[Abstract]:The river pollution problem is getting more and more attention, in the process of dredging river pollution control is an effective means of governance and a common, safe disposal and utilization of dredging sediment is a hot issue in the field of environmental protection in recent years. In this study, Nanfeihe river sediments of different flow as the research object, firstly analyzed the sediment of physics. A detailed analysis of the chemical properties and the total amount of heavy metals and heavy metals content, understand the nature and sediment pollution, using compost to improve sediment. Sediment and then select the optimal improvement effect were improved, and further verify the effect effect of planting conditions on the form of heavy metals in sediment improved. Through the research, this paper mainly conclusion: the heavy metals in the sediments of Cr and Cd were similar, the total content of Pb of sediments is higher than that of the Phoenix horse bridge bottom mud, the total content of Cu Less than Phoenix plot sediment; Ma Du sediments of large sediment, density, bulk density is higher than that of the Phoenix Bridge. Sediment by composting can improve the physical and chemical properties of sediment, sediment, rich nutrients and make it suitable to the growth of plants; compost blend is made of straw and dry leaves according to the mass ratio of 1:1 prepared and after the fermentation pretreatment is made, with 2% mass ratio will blend with sediment composting can make comprehensive improvement effect of Phoenix Bridge and Ma Du sediment. The results show that the best pot experiment of Fenghuang Bridge Group yield of water spinach was higher than the control group and the yield of water spinach, Ma Jia Du group than in the control group yield of water spinach yield, sediment Phoenix Bridge the resource utilization of higher value. Through composting of Fenghuang bridge in the sediment of acid extractable Pb decreased 53.1%, Cu decreased 33.5%, Cr decreased 53.1%, Cd decreased by 57.8%; reducible Pb down 22%, can Reduced Cu fell 51.9%, reducible Cd decreased by 50%, and reduced Cr increase of various heavy metals in the sediment of 47.2%. Ma group of acid extractable, reducible content also decreased in different degrees. It is beneficial to reduce heavy metal mobility and bioavailability. Through the study of water spinach the growth of the influence of distribution of heavy metals in sediment improved, water spinach will make the rhizosphere soil pH decreased.P H reduction will make the acid extractable content increased in the early stage of growth, but in the water spinach root concentration under the action of rhizosphere and non rhizosphere sediments in the acid extractable heavy metal content decreased. Reduction state Pb in rhizosphere sediments, Cu content increased obviously, acid extractable and reduced Cr content increased significantly, but can reduce the content of oxidized Cr evidently; in the Phoenix Bridge Group in sediment acid Extractable, oxidizable Cd decreased, while the reducible and residual state content increased; while in group performance in the sediment content of the horse only residual Cd was increased, Cd decreased in the remaining three states. At the same time that water spinach root system will accumulate heavy metals, plant roots can absorb a certain amount of heavy metals, and one part of the transfer to stems and leaves, few will be converted into the reduced state. There is no positive correlation between the content of heavy metals and heavy metal content in the stems and leaves of spinach roots. Water spinach stems and leaves grown for 30 days only Cr heavy metal content exceed the standard, 90 days after planting Pb, Cr, Cd content exceed the standard. Heavy metal Phoenix Bridge Group of heavy metals in water spinach the enrichment rate is higher than the group of water spinach Ma Jia Du enriching speed. In the process the sediment of cultivated plants, plant roots is conducive to the adsorption of heavy metals in the upper sediments. There no decomposition of straw modified sediment, cellulose and other substances, this Some substances can further adsorb heavy metals during the decomposition of late decay, thus reducing the metal migration ability in the sediment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4;X522

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本文編號：1358686